الفهرس 
Electrochemical Studies of Modified Electrodes for Medical and Energy Conversion Applications
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Abstract
The present study evaluates different modified electrodes in medical and energy conversion applications. Various nickel-based electrodes were prepared for the energy conversion section, such as Cu-doped NiO, Ni-Mn double hydroxides, and NiO physically mixed with MnOx polymorphs. The activity of each electrode was investigated for fuel cell application using several electrochemical techniques like cyclic voltammetry, (CV); Linear sweep voltammetry, (LSV); and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, (EIS). The electrode materials were prepared using facile Sol-Gel methods. Moreover, the materials were characterized by many analytical techniques like X-Ray diffraction, (XRD); x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, (XPS); Scanning electron microscopy, (SEM); Infrared spectroscopy, (IR); Raman spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry, (DSC). Otherwise the modified electrode with a Pd-Schiff base complex was prepared for paracetamol electrochemical detections. The electrode activity was examined in different pH solutions for paracetamol detection. The linear range of detection and detection limit was calculated for the modified electrode in the neutral medium. The real sample of paracetamol was used to find the electrode detection recovery. Otherwise, the interference ability of the electrode was characterized by the solution of different common interfering species, such as uric acid, dopamine, glucose, and potassium chloride