الفهرس 
Review of literatureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 147 |  |  |
| | | from | 147 | | |
Abstract
The present study was established to investigate the role of clomid and quercetin, alone or in combination with each other for improvement of testes functions in thioacetamide induced infertility rat model. Also, to evaluate the role of quercetin in decreasing the the side effects of clmoid.
Seventy young adult male albino rats (60 days- old, weighing 130-150 g) are used. All rats divided into 2 main groups A as control group & group B as infertility group.
GroupA (30 rats) are divided into 3 groups:
group 1A: Control (TAA Dissolved in normal saline).
Group2A: Rats treated with clomid.
group 3A: Rats treated with quercetin
Infertility group B is induced in male rats (40 rats) by i.p. injection of TAA. These animals are injected by TAA (300 mg/kg) 2 times with 24 hour intervals.
The considered infertility rats ( group B) are divided into 4 groups:
group 1B: Maintained untreated.
group 2B: Rats treated with clomid (0.35mg/kg Clomid i.p.)
group 3B: Rats treated with quercetin (the normal group with Que content of 50 mg/kg bw daily by oral gavage).
group 4B: Rats treated with both clomid companied with querectin.
At the end of the experiment, the animals from the control and treated groups were weighed and sacrificed 24 hours after the end of the 6th week of the treatment. Their blood samples were collected by cardiac punctures into labeled centrifuge tubes, allowed to clot and then centrifuged at 3000 r.p.m. for 10 minutes. The resultant supernatant sera were collected individually and stored on frozen at -80o c for late hormonal analysis (FSH, LH, and Testesterone).
At the same time of sacrifice, and then testis were rapidly excised, cleared of adhering connective tissue, washed in physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) to remove blood and other extraneous, dried on filter paper. The kidney was homogenized, and the supernatant was collected and stored at -80o c for Oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, and GSH). The second testis was cut and fixed for histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical examinations.
The present results recorded a significant decrease in body weight in both infertility untreated group and group treated with clomid. Treatment of infertility rats with quercetin alone or in combination with clomid significantly increased body weight when compared to infertility non- treated group.
Also, oxidative stress was recorded in the same groups. It was detected by significant elevation of MDA content concomitant with significant reduction of SOD and GSH. Treatment of infertility rats with quercetin alone or in combination with clomid improved the contents of MDA, SOD and GSH to the values close to the control content.
Infertility non- treated rats showed marked decrease in hormonal levels (FSH, LH and testosterone). The hormonal levels were increase under the effect of clomid treatment either alone or in combination with quercetin.
The histological examination of infertility untreated rats showed malformation in the testes tissues. The testes of infertility groups treated with clomid and/or quercetin showed reorganization of seminiferous tubules and partial restoration of testes tissues.
Infertility non- treated rats showed marked inflammation as indicated by high immune reactive cells of testes for the tumor necrotic factor-α and apoptosis by high reactive cells of testes for the caspase 3. The inflammation and apoptosis induced by infertility was reduced under the effect of quercetin treatment either alone or in combination with clomid