الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Over the past decades, ionizing radiation has received significant attention considering that radiation technology is used in numerous areas, such as in the medical and industrial fields, nuclear power plants, and scientific research. Although radiation from naturally occurring or artificial radioactive material is a powerful tool with great beneficial applicability in various areas, it carries biological and environmental hazardous risks. For example, gamma rays have enough penetrating power to pass through the human body, creating ionization and damaging tissue . Therefore, protecting the nearby exposed people, equipment, and environment is essential to reduce the risk of radiation-related damage. For this reason, radiation protection has become a crucial subject in physics, attracting continued research. The three main principles of radiation protection to control external radiation hazards are time, distance, and shielding. The choice of material is essential in radiation protection; thus, recent studies have focused on selecting and designing effective shielding materials.