الفهرس 
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Abstract
Fetal echocardiography exam is simple to carry out, non-invasive, available with high diagnostic accuracy in prenatal detection of congenital heart disease (CHDs) and assessment of cardiac functions.
We found that there is a significant correlation between duration of maternal DM and the level of maternal HgbA1c.
Our study showed that the duration of maternal DM in pregestational type over 5 years has strong correlation with high maternal HgbA1c level.
Significant values of fetal echo doppler parameters which indicates hemodynamically significant DA with higher HgbA1c values.
MPI value is higher in diabetic fetuses reflecting more pathological state and impaired myocardial performance.
Interventricular septal hypertrophy is associated with higher HgbA1c level
Higher PDA prevalence in infants with high maternal HgbA1c value
Maternal diabetes doesn’t affect systolic function of their infants
Fetal echo assessment can predict PDA in IDM by assessment of hemodynamically significant DA using these parameters (PSV, EDV, VTI and TAMXV)
PAT/ET in fetal echo assessment can predict postnatal PPHT in IDM
Our study showed that fetal cardiac MRI by measuring MPA diameter can predict PPHT in IDM.