الفهرس 
The Research Introduction, and MethodologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The recent years, the covid-19 outbreak has affected many cities all over the world. Moreover, COVID-19’s worldwide spread emphasized and accentuated the priority of the individual’s well-being for a healthy city.
The pandemic demonstrated that a resilient city’s characteristics are neither related to being rich or poor nor to being old or new. public spaces have experienced extraordinary circumstances. Public space concepts have been examined such as livability, place-making, and placemaking are being investigated. Nevertheless, city placemaking criteria such as accessibility and comfort have had a significant role in easing the brunt of the pandemic and increasing human tolerance to maintain human behavior.
The research focuses on the healthy city, healthy public spaces, and public spaces challenges during the covid-19 era, where the study emphasizes the lesson learned in dealing with public spaces from a placemaking perspective during the covid-19 crisis. The research aims to highlight human needs changes while using public spaces throughout the epidemic. The Covid-19 pandemic shows several changes in place making dimensions according to human habits, curfew, and Covid-19’s precautionary measures. The research reviews several international cases to understand the pandemic impacts on public spaces.
The international cases were oxford street, London; Kultorvet Square, Copenhagen; Children’s Park, Lecce, Italy; and Rasht Municipality Square, Iran. The case studies’ findings highlight the checklist for place-making dimensions to assess the efficiency of public spaces in this era.
The research conclusion provides a checklist validation for the place-making dimension dealing with public spaces in covid-19.