الفهرس 
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Abstract
In this work we aimed to study the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its relation to clinical and neurophysiological profiles in children with learning disability. We included 40 children with learning disability at school age from 5 to 10 years following up in Pediatric Neurology Outpatient clinic of Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University and the clinic of learning disability and Special Needs Education Research at National Research Center and 40 children matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status as a control group.
62.5 % of our cases were boys (25) compared to 37.5 % that were girls (15). About 36 cases in our study have IQ score more than 100 by SB4 that represent 90% of the cases, and only 10 % of our study cases have score between 90 and 100. In this work dyslexic patients are 31 represent about 77.5% of total LD cases, compared to 9 cases non dyslexic cases that represent 22.5%. Our work reflect that 45% (18) of our cases is showing good results of phonological awareness test and 55% (22) is showing poor results of phonological awareness test.
In our work, learning profile using Illinois test of psycholinguistic abilities showed that highest percentage of poor results among our cases were in visual closure (52.5%) then auditory reception (40%) followed by auditory sequential memory. On the other hand, grammatic closure reflects highest percentage of super values (77.5%) followed by visual sequential memory (35%).
In our study, serum BDNF was significantly lower in children with LD (1.25 ± 0.28. ng/ml) compared to the healthy controls (1.82 ± 0.52 ng/ml). in addition we found less score of Quantitative reasoning subtests of Stanford-Binnet intelligence scale related with lower BDNF level. Also, bad score of Phonological awareness test of our cases correlate with lower serum BDNF significantly.
Our results didn’t show relation between LD cases and EEG changes, only one case showed generalized epileptogenic activity with spike waves and sharp waves.
Conclusion
Learning disability is not uncommon health problem, dyslexia is the commonest type. BDNF were significantly decreased in children with learning disability.
Recommendations
We recommend the following: -
1. BDNF seems to be a marker that may be of value in learning disability. This needs to be investigating on large scale and with follow up studies to monitor its changes with intervention.
2. Increase community awareness towards learning disability and provide easy clear background for community and clarify bad sequalae of ignorance
3. It may be considered to do qEEG to establish abnormal findings with learning disability patients.