الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total of 200 pure Holstein Friesian cows were used in this study which obtained from farms of the APRI, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. Data for reproductive and milk production traits were obtained from farm official records for each cow for statistical analysis. These records covered the period from 2017 to 2021. This study was done in the lab of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University.
VI.1. The objectives of the present study were
Recognizing SNPs of candidate gene LIPE in Holstein cattle.
Determining the association between these SNPs and milk production and milk composition traits in cattle population.
VI.2. to achieve these objectives, we used the following methodology:
200 blood samples were collected from pure Holstein Friesian cows and then genomic DNA was extracted.
DNA was used to amplify the target LIPE gene using PCR.
Sequencing of PCR products of the target gene were done.
By sequence data, SNPs were identified.
Statistical analysis was used to validate the association of these SNPs with milk traits.