الفهرس 
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
• The parts of plant Syzygium aromaticium L. (200.0 g) were dried in the shade at room temperature 22 ℃ and grinded well, then extracted with equal volumes of Pet.Ether/CHCl3/MeOH (3 × 1 L) at room temperature for 2 weeks. Evaporation of the solvents under reduced pressure by rotary evaporator provided 92.0 g oily residue. Only 15.0 g of crude extract was chromatographed on a normal phase silica gel (60-120 mesh, Fluka) for column chromatography column (45 × 2 cm) and eluted using Petroleum ether with increasing proportions of CH2Cl2 and EtOAc to reach three fractions (A, B, C).
• All fractions were purified by preparative thin layer chromatography technique (PTLC) by using TLC aluminum sheets (20 × 20 cm) Silica gel G60 F254 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and Pre-coated TLC glass plates SIL G-25 UV254 , 0.2 mm silica gel with appropriate solvent systems and detected by Vanillin stain to isolate three compounds (1, 2, 3).
• The parts of other four plants Cuminum cyminum, Carum carvi, Pimpinella and Coriandrum sativum (200.0 g of each plant) were dried in the shade at room temperature 22 ℃ and grinded well, then extracted with equal volumes of Pet.Ether/CHCl3/MeOH (3 × 1 L) at room temperature for 2 weeks. Then, evaporation of the solvents under reduced pressure by rotary evaporator provided 99.82, 95.56, 87.55 and 96.42 g oily residue respectively for each plant.
• We studied antimicrobial activities of the extracts (Pet-Ether, Chloroform and ETOAC) of Pimpinella anisum, Cuminum cyminum, Coriandrum sativum and Carum carvi. While Syzygium aromaticum extracts were purified by Column chromatography and tested three fractions (42, 101 and 663) besides to total extract. This occurred by dissolved each extract after evaporation in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to make 1, 10, 25 and 50 mg/ml concentrations, then screened for the presence of antibacterial activities by using five pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and B. cereus as Gram-positive, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosae, and Klebsiella pneumonia as Gram-negative.