الفهرس 
Review of literatureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant tumor that has a high mortality rate and mostly occurs in women. Histopathological examination of tumor biopsies, which is an invasive procedure, remains the gold standard for diagnosing BC. Other screening methods like mammography and breast examination were less effective in women with early breast tumors, aggressive tumors, and dense breast tissues. BC metastasis is the leading cause of death, accounting for more than 90% of cancer-related deaths.
About 78% of the genome is composed of non-coding RNA transcripts. ncRNAs are divided into infrastructural and regulatory ncRNAs.
LncRNAs are the longest members regulatory ncRNAs, with sequences exceeding 200 nucleotides in length. LncRNAs are widespread in humans and
Summary
are essential for regulating gene expression in physiological and pathological processes.
Advanced RNA sequencing and microarray technologies have shown that several lncRNAs play critical roles in BC progression by enhancing cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastatic potential. Thus, these molecules can be considered as promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for various cancers.
This study included 51 BC patients diagnosed and treated at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt in the period from December 2017 to May 2020. Of them, 28 were metastatic cases (stage IV) and 23 were non-metastatic (stage III). It also included 24 age-matched individuals with benign lesions and 25 apparently healthy normal controls. Gene expression of 01 lncRNA and 2
200
mRNA expression levels were measured in patients plasma using Quantitative Real time PCR.
We found that 10 lncRNAs (BCO40587, HOTAIR, PVT1, CCAT2, PANDAR, CCAT1, UCA1, SPRY4-IT1, AK058003, and MALAT1) and
both mRNAs demonstrated at least a 2-fold change in expression with a more than 95% probability of significance. BCO40587 and SNCG were significantly upregulated in MBC and NMBC patients compared with normal controls. Up- regulation of lncRNAs plays an important role in BC development. SNCG and BCO40587 may be potential prognostic markers for BC.
In conclusion, SNCG and BCO40587 can be suggested as good potential tumor markers for BC diagnosis.