الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The increasing burden of obesity is a threat to all developed as well as developing countries. Obesity is a killer lifestyle disorder. Obesity and overweight are impacting millions in developed and developing countries worldwide. Obesity was once believed to be a developed world disease. Although, nowadays, the prevalence of obesity is dramatically elevating in developing countries as well. Overweight and obesity have the biggest contribution for chronic non-communicable disease morbidity as well as mortality.
The obesity management literature involves a lot complex analyses, techniques, and conclusions, hence the problem remains. Regarding all of the knowledge known today, to progress forward in intervention expansion and assessment, more precise measures of success are required to monitor progress.
The field of obesity management often has abundance of interventions and techiques but discrepancy of outcome measures, resulting in difficulty in combining results and moving toward the ultimate success of attaining healthy weights.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the diet plan, bariatric surgery, and liposuction on the body composition and on glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), complete blood count, liver functions and lipid profile after 3 months.
Ninety apparently healthy obese adult males and females were divided into 3 groups (30 each).The first group followed a diet plan for 3 months, the second group has undergone bariatric surgery and the last group was the liposuction group. The study was implemented over three phases, phase I was a pre-intervention assessment using a predesigned questionnaire (Personal characteristics, medical history, use of drugs and supplementations, dietary habits, 24-hr recall, physical activity), anthropometric measurements, body composition and measuring biochemical parameters, phase II was intervention phase where a dietary plan was made for only one group (the dietary group) for 12 weeks, finally phase III which was a follow-up assessment for one and three months post-intervention, after one month assessment was done using anthropometric and body composition measurements, three months post-intervention assessment was done using the same predesigned questionnaire, anthropometric, body composition and biochemical parameters(CBC, lipid profile, HbA1c, liver function).
6.2. Conclusion
It could be concluded from the results that:
Both dietary and bariatric groups showed a significant reduction in:
1. Body weight.
2. BMI.
3. Body fat %.
4. Cholesterol blood level.
5. LDL.
6. Triglycerides.
7. HbA1c.
8. AST and ALT.
And both groups showed a significant increase in HDL.
Liposuction group showed a significant reduction in:
1. BMI.
2. Body water %.
3. Body fat %.
4. Lean body mass %.
5. Hemoglobin.
6. ALT.
6.3. Recommendations
from the results of this study, the following can be recommended:
1. Treatment should be established on comprehensive clinical assessment and evidence-based interventions and it should be individualized, emphasizing on realistic goals, weight loss maintenance and avoiding weight regain. Patients should acknowledge that, as obesity is a chronic disorder, weight management will require to be a lifelong process.
2. Obesity management should be individually tailored according to age, gender, grade of obesity, personal health risks, metabolic and psychobehavioral aspects, and history of previous weight reduction attempts should be taken into consideration. from now on, hereditary and hormonal aspects impacting weight reduction should also be taken into consideration.
3. Bariatric surgery has been proven to be successful in attaining absolute weight loss and decreasing body fat percentage. Although, nutritional measures focusing on adequate protein consumption should be tackled to reduce the loss of lean body mass combined with consistent physical activity.
4. It is required to set realistic expectations before starting the management of obesity. Both the physician and the patient should realize that a weight reduction of about 5–15% reduces obesity-associated health risks significantly. Unrealistic goals regarding the weight loss usually results in weight management failure.
5. Patient should be completely aware that any surgical intervention will not be a substitution for a healthy lifestyle, it is as a matter of fact a complementary intervention and a healthy lifestyle is the main approach either during or after surgical interaction.
6. Further studies are required with longer duration to determine any complications and to monitor weight maintenance and regain.