الفهرس 
Incidence of cardiovascular events after kidney transplantation and their effect on mortality.
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Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for many patients with end-stage renal disease. Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) remain at an increased risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular (CV) events compared to the general population, although rates are lower than those patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Death with a functioning graft is most commonly due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and therefore this remains an important therapeutic target to prevent graft failure. Conventional CV risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension and renal dysfunction remain a major influence on CVD in RTRs. However, it is now recognized that the morbidity and mortality from CVD are not entirely accounted for by these traditional risk-factors. Immunosuppression medications exert a deleterious effect on many of these well recognized contributors to CVD and are known to exacerbate the probability of developing diabetes, graft dysfunction and hypertension which can all lead on to CVD. Nontraditional CV risk factors such as inflammation and anemia have been strongly linked to increased CV events in RTRs and should be considered alongside those which are classified as conventional. This review summarizes what is known about risk-factors for CVD in RTRs and how, through identification of those which are modifiable, outcomes can be improved. The overall CV risk in RTRs is likely to be multifactorial and a complex interaction between the multiple traditional and non-traditional factors.
Methods: a retrospective analysis has been performed on data from 500 patients at the Cairo kidney center, Cairo, Egypt who underwent primary or repeated kidney transplantation with a graft from a living donor in the Cairo kidney center (Cairo) in the period from 1992 until 2014.
RESULTS: findings confirm that cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in renal transplant recipients, accounting for 32% of all deaths. Other major factors predicting post-transplantation cardiovascular events include pretransplant cardiovascular events, age, smoking, diabetes mellitus (often acquired after transplantation) and hypertension.
Conclusion: Careful selection and adequate preparation of patients in addition to appropriate treatment of cardiovascular risk factors are needed before transplantation to reduce the risk of post-transplantation cardiovascular events. After transplantation, appropriate treatment of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, as well as avoidance of smoking, obesity and physical inactivity may reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications further.