الفهرس 
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Abstract
To evaluate the potential chemopreventive effect of orally administrated parsley extract on tongue cancer induced by dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and formaldehyde in a rat model.
Methodology: Five rats were served as control group, additionally, 36 adult male albino rats were randomized into three groups: group I was supplied with 0.2g/kg body weight parsley extract through oral gavage, group II received topical application of 0.5% dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in acetone and formaldehyde to rats’ tongues, and group III was supplied with parsley extract as in group I combined with dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and formaldehyde as in group II. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment. The tongues of all groups were dissected and subjected to histopathological examination, histomorphometric analysis, immunohistochemical examination, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.
Results: Histolopathologically, the tongues of group II revealed several changes in comparison to the control group, these include signs of hyperplasia, acanthosis, dysplasia, and invasion of dysplastic cells into the underlying connective tissue. Hyperkeratinization, basilar hyperplasia, loss of basal cell polarity, cellular pleomorphism, cellular hyperchromatism, dyskeratosis, and an increased in number of vacuolated cells were seen in the epithelial cells. Also, some nuclear changes were observed suchviias altered nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear pleomorphism, nuclear hyperchromatism, abnormal mitosis, and prominent nucleoli. While tongues of group III showed decreased dysplastic cellular changes and the tongues almost regained their normal architecture as observed in both control group and group I.
Histomorphometric analysis of the area percentage of caspase-3 immunoexpression revealed a significant increase in caspase-3 immunoreactivity in group III than in group II to be nearly equal to the results of both control group and group I. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results of tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA gene expression displayed a significantly decreased expression in group III than in group II, and closely approaching the results of both control group and group I.
Conclusion: In a rat model, oral administration of parsley extract hinders the initiation and progression of several cellular carcinogenic changes in tongue tissues.