الفهرس 
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Abstract
Undoubtedly, increase food production in order to keep pace with population development is essential global purpose. Agricultural development is one of the most powerful tools to end extreme poverty, boost shared prosperity, and feed a projected 9.7 billion people by 2050. There is an ever-increasing demand to produce and improve quantity and quality of yields on a stable acreage. According to the global organizations, agriculture is crucial to economic growth, accounting for 4% of global gross domestic product (GDP) and in some least developing countries, it can account for more than 25% of GDP. The total cultivated area in Egypt is 7.2 million feddans, representing only 3 percent of the total land area. The total area cropped annually is about 11.5 million feddans. Field crops contribute some three-fourths of the total value of Egypt’s agricultural production. The pesticide use in agriculture is actually a necessity in order to improve the quantity and quality of crops where, pests in the world are destroying at least 35% of all food crops. The intensive use of pesticides is readily to reduce yield losses and to stabilize production, but it also leads to major risks of environmental pollution. Therefore, there is an argent need to develop safer, environmentally friendlier and efficient alternatives and are convenient to use as well as creative integrated system, suitable for control of different pests at the same time. This approach could be useful to provide the most satisfactory and long-term pest management suitable for developing countries. In Egypt, tomatoes that has cash value are grown in three seasons - winter, summer and autumn - on about 3 percent of Egypt’s total planted area. Various pests and diseases can attack tomato, reducing the quality or yield or both consequently it will cause economic loss. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluates the efficiency of different fumigants against various pests that infect and attack tomato and evaluates the effectiveness of certain elicitors, to determine the potential of use the promising compounds in IPM program. The study involved the efficiency evaluation of some fumigants against pests that infect and attack plants of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), compared to recommended pesticides. Three types of fumigants were tested: true-fumigants; dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and carbon disulfide (CS2); fumigant generators; phosphine (PH3) from 115 aluminum phosphide and zinc phosphide, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (1,4-D), and formaldehyde; and bio-fumigants an essential oil of garlic, jojoba, citrus, neem, and argan. The recommended pesticides used as standard were fungicide thiophanate-methyl, nematicide fenamiphose, and herbicide acetochlor. Mini-atmosphere method was used for fumigant generators and poisoned medium method was used for true- and bio-fumigants. Different in vivo and in vitro, and laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted. Tested pests were wilt disease caused by fungi (Fusarium oxysporum), nematode (Meliodogyne incognita), and weed seeds of Texas panicum (Panicum texanum), Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus), and Common purslane (Portulca oleracea). Also, sideeffects of tested fumigants were carried out on tomato plant as phytotoxicity and on soil enzymes activity (dehydrogenase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase). In addition, the potential of chemical inducers; Cytokinin (6-benzayl amino burien), Indole-butyric acid (IBA), Sorbic acid (SoA), and Gibberellic acid (GA3) to induce resistance in tomato plant against wilt disease.