الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: Human trichinellosis is a serious foodborne parasitic zoonosis. The main route for contracting the infection is eating raw or undercooked meat, especially pork containing a sufficient load of infective viable larvae. Early diagnosis is crucial before the larval encystation in skeletal muscles, so detection of circulating antigens can be helpful.
Aim of the work is to investigate sandwich ELISA, nanomagnetic beads based-ELISA (NMB-ELISA), and nanomagnetic beads based-latex agglutination test (NMB-LAT) for the diagnosis of experimental trichinellosis by detection of Trichinella spiralis adult worm crude extract antigen AW-CEA in serum.
Materials and methods: The study included thirty-eight (38) mice classified into 3 groups; T. spiralis infection group (GI) which was equally subdivided into five subgroups according to the time of sacrifice (6, 8, 10, 12, 14) day post infection (dpi), other parasitic infections group (GII) and healthy control group (GIII). T. spiralis AW-CEA was prepared from the adult worms through homogenization and ultra-sonication and then used to produce anti- T. spiralis IgG-polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) in rabbits which were subsequently utilized to detect AW-CEA in serum samples by sandwich ELISA, NMB-ELISA, and NMB-LAT.
Results: Using NMB-ELISA, T. spiralis AW-CEA was detected in sera collected at 6 and 8 dpi, with a sensitivity of 50%, and 75%, respectively, and a specificity of 100%. Meanwhile, sandwich ELISA and NMB-LAT could not detect the antigen at the same time intervals. Both ELISA formats were able to detect the antigen in samples collected at 10, 12, and 14 dpi with a sensitivity of 100% for NMB-ELISA, and 25%, 75%, and 100% respectively, for sandwich-ELISA. On the other hand, NMB-LAT could not detect T. spiralis AW-CEA until 12 dpi with a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 75%.
Conclusion: NMB-ELISA is a promising sensitive technique for early and specific diagnosis of acute trichinellosis in an animal model. Thus, it can be used as a potential alternative to the standard ELISA to obtain confident results. The use of NMB-LAT for AW-CEA detection could be a valuable screening diagnostic technique in field surveys.