الفهرس 
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Abstract
Urogenital tract infections (UGTIs) are a universal public health problem, mainly neglected by many females in adolescence stage. Since a great proportion of females suffer morbidity silently, and are reluctant to seek care. As females are often victims of diverse gynecological morbidities, nurses can take an active part in empowering and educating them to avoid and fighting UGTIs through improving their awareness and illustrating the misconceptions as regards UGTIs (Nofal et al., 2020).
Aim of the study:
This study aims to assess the prevention of urogenital tract infections among nursing and non nursing female school students through:
• Assessing knowledge of nursing and non nursing female school students regarding prevention of UGTIs.
• Assessing reported practices of nursing and non nursing female school students regarding prevention of UGTIs.
• Assessing health needs and health problems of nursing and non nursing female school students regarding prevention of UGTIs.
Research questions:
1. What is the knowledge of nursing and non nursing female school students regarding prevention of UGTIs?
2. What are the reported practices of nursing and non nursing female school students regarding prevention of UGTIs?
3. Is there a relation between personal characteristics of nursing and non nursing female school students and their reported practices?
4. Is there a relation between knowledge of nursing and non nursing female school students and their reported practices?
5. Is there a relation between knowledge and health needs and health problems of nursing and non nursing female school students?
Research design:
A descriptive design was utilized to achieve the aim of this study.
Research setting:
The study was conducted at the Technical Nursing Institute in Bab El-sharia University Hospital Affiliated to ElAzhar University, Egypt and secondary school for girls in Bab El-sharia affiliated to Bab Al-Sharia Educational Administration which contains three secondary schools. This school represents the highest density among the administration schools.
Subjects:
A convenience sample of 304 (196 Female nursing school students and 108 of non nursing school students) enrolled at first and second grade at the above mentioned setting was involved in this study.
Data collection tools:
One tool was used:
Self-administered questionnaire:
Part (1): Comparison study between female nursing and non nursing school student’s demographic data. Including (age, Study grade, Number of family members, Overcrowding rate, water supply, sanitation and bathroom in the house). It included questions from 1-7.
Part (2): Comparison study between female’s nursing and non nursing school students health history related to exposure to urogenital tract infections including (occurrence of UGTIs, duration of UGTIs, went to the doctor and taking medications). It included questions from 8-20.
Part (3): Comparison study between females nursing and non nursing school students Knowledge related to urogenital tract infections including (definition of UGTIs, Predisposing factors, Signs and symptoms, Types and Ways to prevent infection). It included questions from 21-28.
Part (4): Comparison study between female nursing and non nursing school students about reported Health practices regarding prevention of UGTIs it was adapted from (El-Beih, 2014) including:
1- female students practices towards infection of the genitourinary system including:
a- Healthy practices including (eat healthy food, drink adequate amount of water, avoid soft drink, reduce salt and urine analysis). It included questions from 29-36
b- Perineal hygiene includes questions concerning (cleaning perineal area, methods of cleaning, direction of cleaning and removal of pubic hair). It include questions from 37- 45
c- Suitability & care of underwear includes questions about (type of underwear, changing underwear, and ways of cleaning underwear. It include questions from 46-48
d- Treatment and follow it include questions from 49-53.
2- Female student’s practices to prevent genitourinary infection including:
a- Perineal hygiene includes questions concerning (cleaning perineal area, methods of cleaning, direction of cleaning and removal of pubic hair). It include questions from 54-57.
b- Menstrual hygiene includes questions about (type of towels used during menstruation, changing of towels, shower during menses and cleaning perineal area during menstruation). It include questions from 58-64.
c- Suitability & care of underwear includes questions about (type of underwear, changing underwear, and ways of cleaning underwear). It include questions from 65-67.
d- Student health seeking behaviors: It includes sources of health advice when having symptoms of UGTIs (mother, mother in law and friends). It include question 68.
Part (5): Comparison study to assess the health needs and problems of female students during infection with the genitourinary system including:
First, health needs including:
1- Physical needs including:
a- Diet including (healthy diet, drink adequate amount of water, avoid soft drink, reduce salt and take analgesics). It include questions from 69-73.
b- Rest and sleep including (hours of sleep, take break during day, sleep regularly and reason for irregular sleep). It include questions from 74-77.
c- Exercise and sports including (need to exercise, kind of sports). It include questions from 78-79.
2- Psychological and social needs (home and family) including (need guidance, read about GUTIs and spend time with friends). It include questions from 80-86.
Second, assessing the health problems of female students during infection of the genitourinary system including:
a. Physical problems including (bad odor, lower abdominal pain, burning sensation during urination). It include questions from 87-92.
b. Psychological problems including (feeling anxious, feeling sad and insomnia). It include questions from 93-97.
c. Social problems including (social relationship, isolation during infection). It include questions from 98-99.
d. Financial problems including (cost of treatment, patents approval to follow up). It include questions from 100-101.
Results of the present study revealed that:
• Regarding personal characteristics of the studied students (nursing and non-nursing) the current study result showed that , more than two thirds of the studied nursing students were in the age group 16-17 years and in the second grade and all of them had water ,bathroom , sanitation, and compared with more than one third of studied non nursing students were in the age group 16-17 years and all of them had water ,bathroom , sanitation.
• Regarding total knowledge score level about genitourinary tract infection the present study result illustrated that, half of the studied nursing students, had satisfactory level of total knowledge about genitourinary infection, compared with slightly one third of the studied non nursing students had satisfactory level of total knowledge about genitourinary infection while more than two thirds of them had unsatisfactory level of total knowledge.
• Regarding sources of knowledge regarding genitourinary tract infection the present study result illustrated that, more than half of the studied nursing students reported from their studies , less than half of them from their family member and less than one fifth of them from their friends/neighbors compared with no one of the studied non-nursing students from their studies , less than half of them from their family member and slightly more than one fifth of them from their friends/neighbors
• Regarding total reported practices score level regarding urogenital tract infection the current study result revealed that, more than half of the studied nursing students had unhealthy practices to prevent urogenital tract infection compared with more than half of the studied non nursing students had unhealthy practices to prevent urogenital tract infection.
• There was a statistically non-significant correlation between total practices and age of the studied students (nursing and non nursing) (p-value > 0.05).
• There was a statistically non-significant correlation between total practices and total knowledge of the studied students (nursing and non nursing) (p-value > 0.05).
• There was a statistically non-significant correlation between total knowledge and health needs of the studied students (nursing and non nursing) (p-value > 0.05).
• There was a statistically non-significant correlation between total knowledge and health problems of the studied students (nursing and non nursing) (p-value > 0.05).
In the light of the current study findings and research questions, it can be concluded that,
Half of the studied nursing students, had satisfactory level of total knowledge about urogenital infection, compared with slightly one third of the studied non nursing students had satisfactory level of total knowledge about urogenital infection. Also more than half of the studied nursing students had unhealthy practices to prevent urogenital tract infection compared with more than half of the studied non nursing students had unhealthy practices to prevent urogenital tract infection. Moreover there was a statistically non-significant correlation between total practices and age. Also, there was a statistically non-significant correlation between total practices and total knowledge of the studied students (nursing and non- nursing). Additionally there was a statistically non-significant correlation between total knowledge and health needs of the studied students (nursing and non- nursing).i
Based on the current study finding and research questions the following recommendations were proposed:
• Students counsel about personal hygiene and importance of menstrual hygiene is recommended.
• Use of appropriate educational strategies to increase female student’s health awareness about the danger of unhygienic measures related to urogenital infection and significance of adopting healthful life style, nutrition & hygiene, such as organize scientific seminars, group discussion, booklets, and brochures.
Further researches
• Further researches should be conducted to cover other schools, areas and as well from different geographical areas in Egypt in terms of knowledge, attitudes and practice on urogenital infection.
• Designing and implementing workshops about proper hygienic practices, healthy eating habits would be of great importance to increase students’ awareness and prevention of UGTI.