الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: water pollution by heavy metals is a dangerous health problem causing multiple system diseases. Natural materials, such as nigella sativa and propolis, appear to offer a good preventive of pollution to more costly technologies currently in use.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of propolis and nigella sativa in reducing the effects of oral Lead & Cadmium administration on kidney structure and functions of adult male rats.
Materials and Methods: seventy adult male albino rats were chosen as an animal model for this study, divided into seven equal groups: group I, the control group received the standard rat chow diet and given normal saline (1 ml/kg body weight (BW)/day), group II, Cadmium (Cd) group; group III, Cadmium + Nigella sativa; group IV, Cadmium + Propolis; group V, Lead (Pb) group; group VI, Lead + Nigella sativa and group VII, Lead + Propolis, each rat received (0.5 ml/rat) of its prepared solution orally every day for 15 days. At the end of the experiment period, rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for the assessment of kidney functions then kidney was removed and prepared for histopathological, immunohistochemistry examination and tissue homogenate for assessments of renal malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney.
Conclusion: The present study support the hypothesis that the natural antioxidants, nigella sativa and propolis, are capable of minimizing the hazardous effects of cadmium chloride and lead acetate on the kidney.