الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nurses working in urology and nephrology center are
exposed to stress resulting from the condition of patients,
requiring them to make quick care decisions in a complex
work environment and may increase the work stress. The
consequences of work stress among nurses include increased
susceptibility to decreased satisfaction with life and work,
and occupational burnout, which result in a reduction in the
quality of care provided. Considering the constant exposure
to stress at work, a necessary skill for nurses should be
developing a strategy for coping with stressful situations
(Harwood, et al, 2021). So, it‘s very important predictor
safeguarding nurses from the negative psychological
consequences of professional work is emotional intelligence
(EI), which means, among other things, acting to reduce
stress and using adaptive patterns to cope with stress, thus
improving well-being and increasing the ability to
communicate effectively with patients (Bibi, 2016).
Emotional intelligence defined as the ability to
understand and express emotions constructively, it is the
ability to understand other feelings and establish cooperative
interpersonal relationships, the ability to manage and regulate
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110
emotions in an effective manner, the ability to cope
realistically with new situations and ability to be sufficiently
optimistic, positive and self-motivated in order to set and
achieve goals (Abd El-Mageed, Adam, Hassan, Abd
Elghafar, 2019).
Emotional intelligence (EI) is essential for nurses that
enables them to use their positive emotions to influence
others and facilitate the organization’s vision through job
performance. A climate of emotionally intelligent for nurses
should facilitate a strong error orientation climate, resolve
work stress issues, creativity, motivation, and, in turn, care
performance in hospitals (Oppel, Mohr, &Benzer, 2019).
Emotional intelligence is a type of social intelligence
that is a predictor in special areas such the ability to assure
feelings and pleasures by one and others. The emotional
intelligence makes individuals able to forecast the attainment
because it involves how individuals apply knowledge in
direct success. Higher emotional intelligence leads to the use
positive and adaptive coping. (Bibi, 2016).
Coping refers to thoughts and behaviors individuals use
to manage stressful situations. If a situation is perceived to be
stressful, the nurse re-appraises the situation to determine a
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111
coping strategy, address it and seeking alternative means to
decrease stress. Adaptive coping is very important for the
nurses dealing with occupational stress and is associated with
positive feelings of self-fulfillment and well-being. (Ebstein,
2019).
Hence, nurses are required not only to have an
appropriate level of theoretical knowledge and possess practical
skills, but also to be able to communicate with patients and
their families, cooperate in a team, and manage their emotions,
they need to increase their levels of emotional lnetllletni. In
nursing, a high level of EI facilitates relationships between
nurses and patients, influences care menta their stress level and
job satisfaction, and promotes well-being. Several studies have
shown that high EI negatively correlates with emotional
exhaustion and reduces the risk of burnout. It also has a
positive effect on work performance and a direct impact on the
quality of nursing care (Mohamed, 2019)
Significance of the study
Emotional intelligence plays an essential role in the
healthcare persons. An emotionally intelligent nurses are able
to recognize their own emotional state and the emotional
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112
states of others, can use this understanding of emotions to
relate better to other people, form healthier relationships,
achieve greater success at work, and lead a more fulfilling
life (Cherry, 2018). Understanding how nurses manage their
emotions and cope with the stress of their work setting is
important for supporting nurses and keeping them at the
bedside to ensure high‐quality patient care, (Segal & Smith,
2013).
EI can predict the choice of coping strategies could be a
protective factor against the adverse effects of occupational
stress in the workplace. Improving a nurse’s coping skill in
handling their occupational stress could lead to successful
job performance, and improved patient outcomes. So, this
study aimed at assessing the emotional intelligence and its
relation to coping pattern among nurses working in urology
and nephrology center.
Aim of the Work
The aim of this study was to assess the emotional
intelligence and its relation to coping patterns among nurses
working in urology and nephrology center.
This aim was achieved through answering the following
questions.
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113
Research questions
1. What are the levels of emotional intelligence among
nurses working in urology and nephrology center?
2. What are the coping patterns among nurses working in
urology and nephrology center?
3. What is the relation between emotional intelligence
and coping patterns among nurses working in urology
and nephrology center?
Research Design:
A descriptive correlational research design was used in
this study to assess emotional intelligence and its relation to
coping pattern among nurses working in urology and
nephrology center.
This study was conducted in urology and nephrology
center in Mansoura city. It consists of four floor building, the
center provides the medical care to all patients suffering from
kidney disease. This center consist of two building, the first
building contains three floor, one was for outpatient clinics
which includes 12 clinics for urology patients, the second
floor and 8 for kidney patients, the third floor for dialysis.
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114
The second building consisted of 6 floor all of them inpatient
units and ICU.
C-Subjects of the study:
The subject of this study was ”A convenient sample”
of 240 nurses working in urology and nephrology according
to inclusion criteria during the study period.
These inclusion criteria were:
A. Age: Above 20 years.
B. Sex: both sexes (male and female).
C. Free from any psychiatric illness.
D. Different Educational level (experience not less than
one year).
● Sample size:
The total number nurses working urology and
nephrology center was 550. The sample size was consisted of
241 nurses according to formula for calculating sample size
was the following:
(The equation
( )
) by Krejcie, R.
V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970).
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115
D-Tools of data collection:
Tools used for data collection were the following:
1- Socio Demographic sheet
2- Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test
(SSEIT)
3- The Brief COPE scale
1- Socio Demographic sheet “Appendix I”
It was designed by the researcher, to assess socio
demographic data of nurses’ understudy. It included data
regarding to their age, sex, level of education, employment,
work experience, monthly income, and residence.
2- Emotional intelligence scale “Appendix II”:
It was originally developed by Schuttel (1998) and
translated into Arabic language by the researcher to
accumulate to hours study variables. It was used to assess
emotional intelligence and composed of 33-item selfreported survey in order to quantify emotional intelligence
and it was divided into six main different categories which
involve assessment of emotion perception (6 items), utilizing
emotions (6 items), Managing self- relevant emotions (6
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items), Utilization of Emotion (5 items), Emotions Use (5
items) and Optimism (5 items).
Scoring System
Each item was rated on five-point Likert Scale ranged
from (1: 5) as follows: ―Never‖ =1, ―Sometimes‖ =2,
―Frequently‖ =3. Mostly = 4. Always = 5. Score ranged from
33 to165.The lowest attainable Score was 33 and below 50%.
the maximum score was more than 50% and up to 165.The
highest score indicating high characteristics of emotional
intelligence.
3- The Brief COPE Scale: The Brief COPE“Appendix
III” was developed by Carver (1997). And it was
translated into Arabic language by researcher. It was the
abridged version of the original cope inventory.it was used
to assess the coping pattern among nurses working at
urology center. It consisted of 14 coping types with 28
questions which divided into two major subscale (Positive
and negative coping). Positive coping includes (8)
subscales as the following: Active coping, Instrumental
support ,Planning, Acceptance ,Emotional support ,
Humor ,Positive reframing and Religion. Meanwhile,
negative coping includes (6) subscales as the following:
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Behavioral Disengagement, Denial, Self-distraction, Selfblame, Substance use and Venting.
Scoring system: The responses to these questions was
measured on a 4- point Likert-type scale with responses
ranging from 1 (―I‘ve not done this at all‖) to 4 (―I‘ve
been doing this a lot‖). The total scores (ranging from 28
to 112)
Results:
The main finding of this study revealed that:
The highest percentage (91.7%) of nurses under study
are female and more than one third (34.9%) of them in age of
25 to 29 years, the majority (71.8%) of them are married and
more than three fifth (60.6%).
Near one third of nurses understudy are frequently that
their emotion perception of emotional intelligence subscale
in the form of they know when to speak about their personal
problems to others, they When they faced with obstacles,
they remember times that they faced similar obstacles and
overcame them, they expect that they will do well on most
things they try (32.8%), (32.4%) and (30.3%) respectively.
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More than one quarter of nurse‘s understudy are always
arrange events others enjoy, they present themselves in a way
that makes a good impression on others and looking at their
facial expressions and they recognize the emotions which
constitute (29.9%), (27.8%) and (26.6%) respectively.
Meanwhile, more than one quarter of nurse‘s understudy are
frequently they seek out activities that make them happy and
when they in a positive mood, solving problems is easy for
them, and they aware of the nonverbal messages they send to
others which constitute (29.9%), (29%) and (27.8%)
respectively.
Near one third of nurses understudy are frequently that
their utilization of emotion of emotional intelligence subscale
in the form of when they in a positive mood, they able to
come up with new ideas, they know why their emotions
change, they have control over their emotions which
constitute (32.8%), (30.7%) and (30.7%) respectively.
More than three quarter (78%) of the studied sample
had low level of emotional intelligence meanwhile below one
quarter (22%) of them had high level of emotional
intelligence.
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Regarding positive coping, the highest mean
(5.92 ± 1.743) are found in active coping followed by
(5.23 ± 1.915) in religion positive coping subscale.
Meanwhile, it was found in negative coping, the highest
mean (5.24 ± 1.894) founded in Behavioral Disengagement
and followed by (5.24 ± 0.850) for Self-blame. And the
lowest mean (5.11 ± 1.837) in denial negative coping.
There are a statistical significant differences between
levels of coping among the studied sample as evidenced by
(P >0.001).
There are appositive correlation between level of coping
of the studied sample and their emotional intelligence as
evidenced by (P >0.001).
Conclusion
Based on the results of the current study, it can be
concluded that, the highest percentage of nurses under study
are female and more than one third of them founded in age
from 25 to >30 years, the majority of them are married and
more than three fifth of them graduated from the institute of
nursing, more than three quarter of them are in low levels of
emotional intelligence, as regards as their coping levels, the
highest mean founded in positive active coping subscale.
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Meanwhile, the highest mean of negative coping was
founded in Behavioral Disengagement. Also, it can be
proved from this study that there was a positive correlation
between emotional intelligence and coping patterns of nurses
working in urology and nephrology center.
Recommendation
For Nursing
Training program on work stress management should be
done to alleviate stress and improving coping pattern
among nurses in critical care units
Educational program on emotional intelligence skills for
nurses should be done to enhance their emotional
intelligence and their ability to manage any critical
situation and to have a better quality of work and
performance.
Continuing nursing education activities are strongly
recommended especially for newly graduated nurses to
improve their emotional intelligence. This could be in the
form of:
On-the-job training courses
Seminars and workshops
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Education:
Adding emotional intelligence on curricula of nursing
students to enhance mange stress to different situations
in live and job.
For researches
Future studies is suggested to be done on large number
of nurses to examine the relationship between emotional
intelligence and coping of nurses working in critical care
units.