الفهرس 
General introductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
Meta-analysis study has been conducted to choose the suitable lipid-based drug delivery system for p-Coumaric acid delivery. After then, a novel p-Coumaric acid microemulsion drug delivery systems have been developed to circumvent its absorption and bioavailability challenges. Different components were preliminarily screened by conducting solubility studies and utilizing the pseudo ternary phase diagrams. Consequently, Simplex Lattice mixture design and multivariate statistics were employed for optimization followed by the selection of small uniform droplet size and stable microemulsion formulations. Two optimized formulations were then loaded with p-Coumaric acid, visualized, and further characterized by assessing the in-vitro re-dispersibility, the cytotoxicity on three different cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HepG2, and Caco2), and the physical stability at room (25⁰C ± 0.2) and refrigeration (4⁰C ± 0.2) temperatures for six months. Finally, the in-vivo bioavailability profiles of the drug-loaded microemulsion formulations were compared to the pure drug suspension.
The meta-analysis study results revealed that the microemulsion system is the most suitable carrier for p-Coumaric acid delivery due to the highest standardized mean that was scored by the studies that utilized this system for enhancing oral drugs bioavailability. The optimized formulations were successfully prepared with a uniform and stable droplet size around 10 nm. No significant changes in the droplet size were recorded upon loading with p-Coumaric acid. The size and the shape of the prepared microemulsions were confirmed by the transmission electron microscopic examination showing small spherical droplets with no drug precipitation. Moreover, p-Coumaric acid loaded microemulsion formulae enhanced the re-dispersibility of the drug, were extremely more cytotoxic on all cell lines and were physically stable for six months at the two different storage conditions.
Importantly, the microemulsion formulations were 1.5-1.8 times more bioavailable compared to the pure p-Coumaric acid suspension. The findings of this study imply that exploitation of the microemulsion systems could be an effective strategy for the delivery of p-Coumaric acid even at a reduced dose.