الفهرس 
Tolerance of some quinoa genotypes to water stress
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Abstract
Quinoa (chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a pseudocereal crop has recently gained worldwide attention because of its ability to grow in various stress conditions like soil salinity, drought, etc. The objectives were: (1) studying the variability among quinoa genotypes for different traits under different water stress environments, (2) analyzing correlations, heritability and selection gain for studied traits and (3) characterizing quinoa genotypes using ISSR markers. Field experiments were carried out in two seasons at new salhiya (sandy soil), Sharqiya governorate and laboratorial work was carried out at laboratories of desert research center, Cairo. A split plot design with 5 replications was used, where 3 irrigation regimes (achieving 95, 65 and 35% FC) were allotted to main plots and 5 quinoa genotypes to sub plots. Data indicated that irrigation regime and quinoa genotype had significant effects on all studied traits. The quinoa variety CICA-17 proved to be the highest yielder under severe water stress (35% FC) and the most drought tolerant, followed by CO-407 and Chipaya. Water stress caused significant increases in root length and water use efficiency (WUE), and significant reductions in the rest of studied traits. Results on thickness of leaf, upper and lower epidermis, palisade and spongy layers and amino acid results concluded that variety CICA-17 is drought tolerant. The best secondary traits for high seed yield, drought tolerance and high WUE of quinoa were inflorescence traits, root length, seed yield/plant and /fed, since they showed high correlation coefficient (r), high heritability (h2b) and high genetic advance (GA) estimates