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العنوان
Comparing the Effect of Activated charcoal Whitening Agent Against Regular Whitening Toothpastes on the Enamel Surface of Premolar Teeth :
المؤلف
Mourad, Lougine Mostafa EL-Khousht Mahmoud.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / لوجين مصطفي الخشت محمود
مشرف / مدحت أحمد الزيني
مشرف / صفاء إسماعيل حسين
تاريخ النشر
2023.
عدد الصفحات
139 p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
الدكتوراه
التخصص
Dentistry (miscellaneous)
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2023
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية طب الأسنان - بيولوجيا الفم
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

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from 139

Abstract

Tooth whitening is one of the most famous noninvasive aesthetic treatment for discolored teeth. There are different methods for tooth whitening which are: in-office, home-bleaching and over the counter bleaching products.
Recently, a new category known as do-it- yourself was created that promotes whitening using natural ingredients. Example of these remedies include activated charcoal.
charcoal is not new, it has been used in medical field in ancient Egyptian and Sumerian times. Nowadays, due to its many uses it can be found on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines. In addition to its use in many beauty hacks which include whitening of teeth.
charcoal has been gaining popularity in many countries, the reason behind this is that the activated charcoal is claimed to have the ability to absorb plaque and to clean the teeth including the interdental areas, which are difficult to reach.
Many other claims were done about their possible advantages and disadvantages which have not been proven. But, since activated charcoal is claimed to have a similar mode of action, in terms of abrasiveness, to the regular whitening tooth paste. Thus, this thesis evaluated the effect of two different activated charcoal products on enamel surface as opposed to regular whitening toothpastes.
Materials and methods:
Twenty-one mandibular first premolars were selected and used and they were divided into:
Control Group:
Consisting of seven sound untreated lower first premolars that were later incorporated in the experimental group.
2-Experimental Group:
Consisting of three sub-groups seven Premolars each:
- Sub group I: were treated with Carbon Coco.
- Sub group II: were treated with Venu activated charcoal.
- Sub group III: were treated with Crest 3D white.
The teeth were preserved in artificial saliva between washes. The teeth were then examined with SEM, EDXA and Micohardness testing. Results were then used to formulate the statistical results of this study.

Results:
The SEM results revealed pitted enamel surface with less defined perikymarta ridges and grooves and fewer areas with rodless enamel in Sub groups I and II.
It also showed Numerous EREs on the enamel surface, some with defined borders, others with irregular boundaries. Partially occluded EREs were also observed on the enamel surface. Some precipitates were deposited on top of the EREs, others were encountered in the concavities of the EREs, which presumably lead to the partial occlusion of some of the EREs.
The SEM results of sub group III also showed pitted enamel surface. But, EREs were apparently less numerous than subgroups I &II with irregular boundaries. Partially occluded EREs were also observed on the enamel surface with precipitates deposited on top of the EREs, others were encountered in the concavities of the EREs. These precipitates were apparently less observed than subgroups I & II.
Perikymata was also less defined but, areas with rodless enamel were apparently fewer yet, more observed than subgroups I & II.
EDXA results for Ca showed significant increase between all studied groups with control group. The highest value was recorded in subgroup II followed by subgroup I and subgroup III while control group was the lowest one. Moreover, P element showed significant increase between all studied groups with control group. The highest value was recorded in subgroup I followed by subgroup III and subgroup II while control group was the lowest one.
Microhardness results of subgroups I and II showed significant increase when compared to control group and no significant difference between control and subgroup III was detected.