الفهرس 
Artificial insemination (AI)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) is a reproductive biotechnology used in farm animals to improve genetic potential, lower the danger of sexually transmitted diseases, and control calving intervals to minimize the milk supply-demand gap (Eaglesome and Garcia 1997; Ax et al. 2000). However, the sperm cryopreservation method is what ultimately determines if AI using frozen semen will be successful (Wang et al. 2015). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular ice crystal formation, and cold shock are all mainly caused by semen cryopreservation (Holt et al. 1992; Holt and North 1994), Additionally, the balance between antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities is lost, leading to an increase in ROS, oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in sperm membranes to form (Del Olmo et al. 2015). All these harmful alterations promote specific functional and physical harms, which ultimately cause the spermatozoa to lose their viability, motility, and capacity to fertilize (Wang et al. 1997; Bailey et al. 2000; Salamon and Maxwell 2000; Watson 2000; Medeiros et al. 2002; Tekin 2006; Bernardini et al. 2011). Antioxidant supplementation is a sensible course of action to prevent the negative effects of cryopreservation and ultimately increase the quality of semen (Ansari et al. 2012).