الفهرس 
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Freshwater scarcity at the same time of population increase that require high water demands to cover the human activities out of civilization development, therefore seawater desalination is a must, which technologies have developed through time and classified into physical, chemical, and biological technologies but problem remains in the high energy and chemical substances consumption that resulted various environmental risks.
In this research, low cost local materials have been applied to test their effect in desalination process such as: bentonite, cotton-textile, geo-textile, and mixed-textile, these materials have been tested in a form of textile sandwich filled with 4cm powder bentonite each standalone as a filter media.
The experimental work was made in three phases, The first phase included application of (1layer) of each textile sandwich media to check system stability and materials suitability for desalination, however the second phase checked the workability of the system using (4layers) of the three tested textile sandwiches, and the third phase tested (4, 6, 8, and 10layers) of each textile sandwich to compare removal efficiency and materials durability through time.
Results showed that the removal ratio of used materials was very promising with a rate of filtration of (1.74 L/min/m2) to produce (3L) of desalinated water every (1.5 working hours), the optimum removal ratio results appeared when (8layers) of geo-textile sandwich used by (81.3%), (49.2%), and (26%) when samples have taken in (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 hours), respectively.
It should be considered that the amount of washing water of the system, study suggest to apply more air amount and/or more air pressure through the back washing process to improve the system and reduce the amount of water used.