الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background/Aim: Eugenol is a naturally occurring phenolic molecule with various pharmacological benefits. This study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effect of different Eugenol doses against chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced renal damage with investigating the responsible mechanisms for such effect.
Methods: Thirty Wistar male albino rats were divided into 5 groups, 6 rats in each; group 1 is control (received 1 ml/kg, ip olive oil) twice a week for 6 weeks. group 2 Eugenol 100 group received Eugenol (100 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 6 weeks. group 3 (carbon tetrachloride group) received 1:1 (v/v) carbon tetrachloride in olive oil twice a week for 6 weeks. group 4&5 (carbon tetrachloride + Eugenol 10 or 100 group) received carbon tetrachloride in olive oil twice a week) and treated with Eugenol (10 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 6 weeks. In addition, serum and renal tissue samples were obtained for the histopathological, biochemical and western analyses.
Result: Eugenol treatment improved kidney damage caused by carbon tetrachloride and restored the impaired kidney function parameters and renal histological structure. Additionally, Eugenol at a dose 100 mg/kg suppressed the upregulated inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in carbon tetra chloride treated rats as evident by down regulations of NADPH oxidase 2 and NADPH oxidase 4, proinflammatory markers (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha), proapoptotic markers (caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, and cytochrome C).
In addition, Eugenol downregulated the renal tranforming growth factor beta and phosphorylated Protein kinase β while renal Protein kinase β was enhanced.