الفهرس 
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Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents the severe end of a spectrum of acute lung injury due to many different insults. It is characterized by an acute onset of hypoxemia, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph, and a normal pulmonary artery occlusion pressure.
The incidence and overall hospital mortality of ARDS has not changed substantially in the last decade. Independent of the definition used for identification of ARDS patients, current hospital mortality of combined moderate and severe ARDS reported in observational studies is greater than 40%.
In thiscross-sectional prospectivestudy, we aimed to assess the current incidence, risk factors and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
The study enrolled1600 patients admitted at Intensive Care Unit of tertiary care hospital (Nasser Institute) during the period from January 2019 till the end of July 2019, 50 of whom met the Berlin criteria for ARDS.
The mean age of the patients was 55.9±15.5 years. 56% of the patients were males, 16% were Smokers with mean smoking pack years 33.438±17.769 pack year.
The incidence of ARDS was 3.12% and mortality rate was 52%, in which 54% of the cases were severe, 26% were moderate, and 20% were mild cases. Severity index of ARDS is positively correlated with mortality rate with significant value (P-value <0.001).
Moreover, our results revealed that mortality rate was higher among males (54.14%) than the rate of survival (45.83%).
Pneumonia with sepsis was the most common risk factor(74%) among ARDS patients and has significant statistically positive correlation (P=0.017) with mortality cases represented by (92.3%).
Diabetes mellitus was the most common co-morbidity (46%), followed by hypertension with (42%) and the least were rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, liver cell failure, rheumatic heart disease represented by (1%).
Regarding ventilatory parameters and arterial blood gases readings, there was a statistically significant increase in PEEP and FIO2 levels (P-value <0.001) as well as a statistically significant decrease in PH, PO2 and SO2 levels (p<0.001, 0.001, 0.006 respectively) among mortality cases in comparison to surviving cases.
from the current study, we concluded that the incidence of ARDS at our institute was 3.12% which is somehow a relatively small incidence, yet ARDS is a serious and a potentially fatal disease with high mortality rate represented by 52%. Pneumonia with sepsis was the most common risk factor of ARDS(74%) and the most common cause of death among the different risk factors in the study (92.3%).