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العنوان
EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAYING WITH PPFM BACTERIA AS A BIO-STIMULANT ON GROWTH AND INTERNAL CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.) PLANT /
المؤلف
DOAA SOLIMAN MOHAMED ABD-ELHADY
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / دعاء سليمان محمد عبدالهادي
مشرف / عبدالعزيز محمد حسني
مشرف / أحمد نظمي عبدالحميد
مشرف / منى عرفه محمد
تاريخ النشر
2022.
عدد الصفحات
90p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
علوم النبات
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2022
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الزراعة - قسم البساتين
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

from 90

from 90

Abstract

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
6.1. Summing Up of Experimental Results
For the sake of convenience and as a rather simple way to display the most relevant outcomes of results, they were calibrated as percentages (%) against the control in each case. This procedure was carried out in each of the vegetative growth parameters investigated including internal chemical traits studied too. It must be stressed upon here (as in the preface of the discussion section) that the results will be mentioned only if they firstly were persistent in both seasons investigated and secondly they were statistically proven with significant differences in between. The rest of the results will be ignored in this section (refer to Table11).
All vegetative growth parameters increased as a result of 1% PPFM bacteria foliar-spray treatment which was still higher than 2% PPFM bacteria treatment when compared to the controls in both first and second seasons.
from Table 11, results presented as percentages (against the control) indicated that plant height increased as a result of 1% PPFM bacteria foliar spraying by 16% and 36% which was still higher than 2% PPFM bacteria treatment 5% and 14% in first and second seasons, in respect order. Similarly, Number of lateral branches increased by 46% and 26% due to 1% PPFM bacteria foliar spraying and by 11% and 23% due to 2% PPFM bacteria treatment, in first and second seasons, respectively. Results of herb-fresh and dry weights followed suite with increases of 27%, 40%, 13% and 27% as a result of 1% and 2% PPFM bacteria foliar spraying treatments in first and second seasons, in respect order. Exactly, in the same manner root fresh and dry weights responded to 1% and 2% PPFM bacteria foliar spraying treatments (refer to Table 11 for details).
As for chemical characteristics presented in Table 11, total carbohydrates inside dry-herbs of rosemary was highest as a result of 1% PPFM bacteria foliar spray by 19% and 0% which was at the same time higher than 2% PPFM bacteria treatment by 10% and -5% (when compared against the controls of first and second seasons), in respect order.
With respect to NO3 and NO2 results (in Table 11), it was shown that both 2% and 3% PPFM bacteria foliar spray treatments led to a clear reduction in their values inside dry-herb weight of rosemary by -17%, -31%, -53% and -30% for 2% PPFM bacteria treatment and by -22%, -34%, -80% and -41% for 3% PPFM bacteria treatment in first and second season, respectively.
With regard to volatile oil content (illustrated in Table 11), all 1%, 2% and 3% PPFM bacteria foliar spray treatments increased volatile-oil content inside fresh herbs of rosemary when compared against the controls of both seasons studied. Highest values (four-fold increase) of volatile-oil content was recorded as a result of 3% PPFM bacteria treatment (400% and 438%); then second highest (two-fold increase) 2% PPFM bacteria (233% and 207%) and followed by third highest (approximately half to one-fold increase) 1% PPFM bacteria treatment (66% and 130%) in first and second seasons, respectively.


Table (11): Summing up of results as illustrating the effect of PPFM bacteria foliar spraying, as bio-stimulants, on vegetative growth parameters and internal chemical characteristics of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in two successive seasons 2018 and 2019.
Vegetative-growth parameters
&
chemical characteristics PPFM bacteria concentration
1% level 2% level 3% level
Plant height 2018 16 % 5 % 1 %
2019 36 % 14 % 12 %
No. of lateral branches/ plant 2018 46% 11% 0%
2019 26% 23% 20%
Herb fresh weight 2018 27% 13 % 12 %
2019 40 % 27 % 6 %
Dry herb weight 2018 22% 11% 0%
2019 66% 26% 21%
Root fresh weight 2018 27% 12% 6%
2019 52% 30% 1%
Root dry weight 2018 24% 4% 3%
2019 58% 3% 10%
N% 2018 14% 6% 6%
2019 -8% -13% 0%
P% 2018 0% 9% 28%
2019 4% 8% 4%
K% 2018 9% 12% 2%
2019 -1% -8% 1%
Total carbohydrates 2018 19% 10% 16
2019 0% -5% -1%
C/N ratio 2018 4% 4% 9%
2019 11% -13% -20%
NO3 (ppm) 2018 -13% -17% -22%
2019 -20% -31% -34%
NO2 (ppm) 2018 -46% -53% -80%
2019 -9% -30% -41%
Volatile oil% 2018 66% 233% 400%
2019 130% 207% 438%

6.2. Conclusions
 Two clear and solid conclusions could be extracted for results of this research study, as follows:
1) If the final objective was to cultivate rosemary plants for the sake of high vegetative herb yield, then it would be recommended to apply PPFM bacteria (as a bio-stimulant treatment) in the form of foliar spray at a concentration level of 1%.
2) If the final objective was to cultivate rosemary plants for the sake of high yield of volatile oil content or for less traces of NO3 and NO2 levels, then it would be recommended to apply PPFM bacteria (as a bio-stimulant treatment) in the form of foliar spray at a concentration level of 3%.
 No economic feasibility study was carried out here because of the fact that; firstly, this was a short and limited research study and secondly, large trials on a commercial basis are still required and need to be conducted after securing enough funding for such large-scale trials. Therefore, final conclusive recommendations could not be reached and realized. It was felt more appropriate to treat results here as general-guideline conclusions and thus put them under the text heading ”conclusions” rather than a text heading ”recommendations”.