الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary and Conclusion
Diabetes mellitus, is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorders has caused significant morbidity and mortality. Samwa leaves (Cleome droserifolia) and curry leaves (Murrya koenigii) have ethnomedicinal uses including treatment of diabetes, dyslipidemia and liver disorders. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of the leaves aqueous extracts of samwa and curry and their combinations in diabetic rats.
The present work carried out to study the therapeutic and protective effect of feeding administered aqueous extracts of samwa and curry leaves orally once daily against diabetes mellitus which induced by Aloxan injection.
Fifty-six adult male albino rats weighing from (130±10 g) were divided into eight groups. The first main group was fed on the basal diet during the experimental period as a negative control group. The second main group was injected with alloxan (150 mg/kg) for diabetes induction. Diabetic rats were randomly divided into 6 subgroups (7 rats each) as follows:
1- Negative control group (G1) fed on the basal diet during the experimental period (six weeks).
2- Positive control group (F2) (diabetic) fed on the basal diet during the experimental period.
3- First experimental group (G3) fed on the basal diet + samwa aqueous extract 150 ml /kg of the weight of the rat.
4- Second experimental group (G4) fed on the basal diet + samwa aqueous extract 250 ml /kg of the weight of the rat.
5- Third experimental group (G5) fed on the basal diet + curry aqueous extract 350 ml /kg of the weight of the rat.
6- Fourth experimental group (G6) fed on the basal diet + curry aqueous extract 450 ml /kg of the weight of the rat.
7- Fifth experimental group (G7) fed on the basal diet + samwa aqueous extract 150 ml + curry aqueous extract 350 ml /kg of the weight of the rat.
8- Sixth experimental group (G8) fed on the basal diet + samwa aqueous extract 250 ml + curry aqueous extract 450 ml /kg of the weight of the rat.
At the end of experimental period (6 weeks) the rats were fasted overnight and anesthetized with diethyl- ether. Blood samples were collected from the hepatic portal vein into centrifuge tubes. Blood samples kept for half an hour and then centrifuged at 3000 r.p.m. for 10 minutes to separate serum and stored at -20 C˚. All serum samples were analyzed for determination the following parameters:
Blood Glucose, Blood lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL), Liver function (ALT, AST) and Pathological analysis of the pancreas, liver and kidneys.
At the same time, the organs (pancreas, kidneys, and liver) were removed, cleaned, weighted and stored in buffered formalin solution (10%) for histological examination.
The results of Feed intake(FI) treated rats (groups 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8) values show insignificantly decreased changes values compared to group 2 but can be seen the most feed intake in group 3 (150 mg/kg Samwa), with regard to body weight gain(BWG) the lowest weight gain can be seen in rats of group 4 (250 mg/kg Samwa, also in the case of feed efficiency ratio (FER) The highest value in treated groups was seen in rats of group 7 (150 mg Samwa +350 mg Curry /kg).
The result of liver relative weight (%) the lowest value in treated groups was detected in group 7 (150 mg Samwa +350 mg Curry /kg). The value of Kidney relative weight (%) the lowest value was seen in rats of group 8 (250 mg Samwa +450 mg Curry /kg).
The result of Pancreas relative weight (%)The lowest values in treated groups was detected in group 3 (150 mg/kg Samwa), group 5 (350 mg/kg Curry) and group 8 (250 mg Samwa +450 mg Curry /kg). The result of blood glucose levels the best values in treated groups detected in group 8 (250 mg Samwa + 450 mg Curry /kg).
The result of Cholesterol the best result in diabetic rats can be seen in group 7 (150 mg Samwa +350 mg Curry /kg) and group 8 (250 mg Samwa +450 mg Curry /kg). With regard to Triglyceride the best result in diabetic rats can be seen in group 7 (150 mg Samwa +350 mg Curry /kg) and group 8 (250 mg Samwa +450 mg Curry /kg).
The result of LDL the best result can be seen in group 8 (250 mg Samwa +450 mg Curry /kg), with regard to HDL the best HDL levels in treated rats can be seen in group 6 (450 mg/kg Curry), in the case of VLDL The best value in treated groups was seen in rats of group 8 (250 mg Samwa +450 mg Curry /kg).
The results of GPT the best result in treated groups was seen in group 3 (150 mg/kg Samwa), the result of GOT the best result in treated groups was seen in group 8 (250 mg Samwa +450 mg Curry /kg).
Regarding the histopathology of the (pancreas, kidneys and liver) group 8 that achieved the best results.
Conclusion: The results were that the mixture of Samwa and curry extracts achieved better results than the extract of individual leaves. Therefore, we recommend taking the mixture of Samwa and curry leaves to control the high level of glucose and lipid imbalance in diabetic