الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
The present study was carried out in the laboratories of Ain Shams Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt during the period from 2003 to 2005. The fresh leaves and sources from the four research species (Thymus capitatus, Teucrium polium, Phlomis floccose and Salvia officinalis) were collected from Wadi Habis in Matrouh ecosystem of Egypt.
The objectives of this study were:
1- Identification of four plant species Lamiaceae using molecular genetic fingerprints (RAPD, ISSR and SCoT markers)
2- Performing phylogenetic relationships among the four plant species
3- Detection of species-specific markers among the four plant species
Four plant species were surveyed in wadi habis, marsamatrouh, Egypt during the period from 2016 to 2020. These species are: (Phlomisfloccosa, Salvia officinalis, Teucrium polium, and Thymus capitatus)
The obtained results can be summarized in the following:
1. molecular fingerprints
1.1. RAPD-PCR
Five RAPD primers were generated reproducible amplified bands as illustrated. These primers generated 41 RAPD bands that ranged in size from 200 to 380bp. The primer OP-A1 gave the highest number (11) of amplified bands while the primer OP-O11 gave the lowest number (6). The five primers generated 30 polymorphic bands with polymorphic % (73.13%) 17bands of them were unique bands. These unique were distributed in 7 with OP-A1, 4 with both OP-A3 and OP-C9 and one with each OP-K3 and OP-11. The polymorphism ranged from 62.50% with OP-A3 to 100% with OP-O11 within average 73.71% for the five primers.
1.2. ISSR-PCR
ISSR banding patterns were used to access the molecular diversity among the four species. The DNA polymorphisms are shown. There were 31 bands in total; out of them 17 were polymorphic (54.83%). The highest polymorphism percentage (100%) was created with primer HB-13, while the lowest polymorphic percentage (25%) was produced with primer 44B. The six primers produced a total of 14 monomorphic bands and 8 unique marker bands. Primer HB-11r had the most amplified bands (7 bands), whereas primers 14A, 44B and HB-10 had the least (4 bands each).
1.3. SCoT-PCR
Revealed that 43 total amplified bands, the highest number of amplified 12 bands were recorded with the S revealed that 43 total amplified bands, the highest number of amplified 12 bands were recorded with the SCoT1 while the lowest three amplified bands were recorded with the SCoT3. Fourteen unique bands were observed and represented in 12unique bands were distributed equally among the SCoTs 1, 4, 8 and the rest two unique bands were in the SCoT2. The percentage of polymorphic bands ranged between 33.33% in both SCoT2 and SCoT6 and 50% in both SCoT4 and SCoT8.
Molecular distance of phylogenetic relationships.
The molecular distance (MD) matrix between the four plant species based on the RAPD, ISSR and SCoT combined results. Salvia officinals and Thymus capitatus had a MD of 0.71, whereas Phlomisfloccosa and Salvia officinals had a MD of 0.87. Data obtained from the RAPD, ISSR and SCoT trees were illustrated. The four Lamiaceae species were split into two major groups using UPGMA’s dendrogram: the first group included Phlomisfloccosa and Salvia officinalis, while the second group included Teucrium polium and Thymus capitatus.