الفهرس 
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Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is highly adaptable to different ecological areas and has an important role in human nutrition (Dhanda et al., 2004; Nazar et al., 2012). It has been reported by Food and Agriculture Organization that the global wheat cultivated area reached to approximately 223.36 million hectares and the world wheat production is around 777.9 million tons (FAO, 2021). In Egypt, the total wheat production of grains reached to about 9.00 million tons, resulted from 3.4 million feddans with 2.76 tons/feddan. Meanwhile, the consumption of wheat grains is about 18.00 million tons. Decreasing or minimizing the gap between wheat production and consumption is a national aim of Egypt. This wide gap could be limited through increasing a production per unit area using different breeding tools, including mutation breeding, in order to release new wheat varieties with high yielding capacity or potentiality, and as can as possible by increasing the cultivated area of these new varieties.
Biotic and abiotic stresses considered to be the main obstacles that cause different undesired changes in normal physiological functions of all higher plants, including economically important cereals as well (Khalili, et al., 2012). Among the abiotic stresses, drought is a significant limiting factor for agricultural productivity and generally inhibits plant growth through reducing water absorption and nutrient uptake (Pour-Aboughadareh, et al., 2013). Drought stress as an abiotic stress, is one of the most common environmental stresses that negatively affects growth and development of plants (Aslam, et al.,