الفهرس 
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Abstract
Moringa leaves are an excellent source of nutrients for humans who
are deficient in many nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, phenols, and
antioxidants. Moringa leaf extract is a natural plant extract rich in phenols
and a natural preservative for beverages.
For this purpose, designed moringa functional beverages in form of
functional beverage and tea were prepared. physicochemical, antioxidant
properties and sensory evaluation were determined and the best ratio of
functional moringa: pineapple juice with blending ratio (15:85); moringa
tea flavored with (2%) ginger extract and moringa aqueous extract were
biologically evaluated on rats induced to oxidative stress by CCl4 for their
effect on body weight gain, glucose, lipids profile, liver function and
histopathological alteration finding.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
1. The results of proximate analysis for dried M. oleifera leaves could
be noticed that, a moisture content of 7.35%, an appreciable amount
of carbohydrate 45.25% and crude protein 26.25%, and a moderate
presence of crude fiber 8.41%, ash content 8.25%, and crude fat
4.49%.
2. Moringa leaves revealed a high content of minerals in moringa
leaves but especially of Ca, Fe, and Mn. The RDA is a daily nutrient
intake level that fulfills the nutrient requirements of " ~ "98% of
healthy individuals in an age- and sex-specific population.
3. Physicochemical properties, including pH, T.S.S, and treatable
acidity (%), for moringa aqueous extract (ME); moringa: pineapple
juice (MEP) and moringa tea flavored with Ginger extract (MTG),
are shown moderately acidic at pH 4.70 for Pineapple juice (PJ),
whereas moringa extract (ME) was neutral (pH 6.86). When ME
was mixed with PJ at different ratios (i.e., MEP1, MEP2, MEP3,
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Zeinab M. Noaman (2022), M.SC., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
and MEP4), pH increased slightly. Also, brix (TSS) revealed that
PJ had the highest brix, whereas MT and MTG had the lowest.
While, mixing ME with PJ significantly increased.
4. TPC, TFC, and DPPH scavenging activity of the mixtures were
increased by increasing the ratio of ME. Conversely, TPC, TFC and
scavenging activity in MT decreased after the addition of GE.
5. The sensory data revealed that all recipes were acceptable and the
acceptability of MEP1 was nearly the same as the control,
Furthermore, the sensory data for MT and MTG showed that there
was no significant difference between the two samples in their
overall acceptability, indicating the possibility that adding moringa
leaf extract to PJ or MT with GE will improve nutritional value and
antioxidant activity, and reduce the flavor and bitterness of
moringa.
6. An increase of body weight has been demonstrated in oxidative
stress rats (OC), while the moringa aqueous extract (ME); moringa:
Pineapple juice (MEP) and moringa tea flavored with Ginger
extract (MTG) was lower than the NC and OC, while the MTG was
the lowest group.
7. The result of rat’s liver organ weight at the end of experiment
showed that no significant among group of NC, ME and MEP, these
results indicate to the effect of moringa extract and moringa extract
with pineapple. While the liver weight increased in group OC.
8. The glucose level was kept within the standard limits, and it did not
show any significant changes between the treatments compared to
the positive and negative control group.
9. Rats inductive to oxidative stress by CCl4 showed an increase in the
level of cholesterol and total glycerides compared to the treatments
that controlled the level of cholesterol and triglycerides at the
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Zeinab M. Noaman (2022), M.SC., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
standard level, while it did not show any significant effects on the
level of HDL and LDL level. Generally, we can say that all values
were in the normal range of rats
10. Rats induced oxidative stress by CCl4 developed significant
hepatocellular injury as revealed from the higher serum activities of
AST and ALT compared to normal control group (NC) and others
treatment.
11. Oxidative stress biomarkers levels indicated that the mean value of
malondialdehyde (MDA) in oxidative stress control group (OC)
was significantly higher than that in normal control group (NC) and
other protective treatments. While, reduced glutathione revealed
elevation in groups administrated orally moringa aqueous extract
(ME); moringa: pineapple juice (MEP) and moringa tea flavored
with ginger extract (MTG), compared to oxidative stress control
group (OC). The group which was consumed moringa extract and
pineapple juice with blending ratio (15:85) recorded the highest
significant difference protection in compered to oxidative stress
control group.
12. All treatment of moringa aqueous extract (ME); moringa: Pineapple
juice (MEP) and moringa tea flavored with Ginger extract (MTG)
had a potential protective roll from oxidative stress caused by CCl4
and improved the histological alteration of the liver.