الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
This study was designed to investigate the effect of some honeybee’s products [royal jelly (RJ), bee pollen (Bp) and bee honey (H)] on growth rate, some blood parameters, kidneys, liver function, thyroid hormones, puberty, and fertility of cross breed growing female rabbits. The study was carried out at intensive rabbit production unit, belongs to Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University. Fifty-two weaning crossbreed growing female rabbits were used in the study. Four animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment. The rest were divided randomly into four groups, (twelve animals / group), group one (Control) received 1 ml water / kg body weight, group two (RJ) received 180 mg royal jelly/ kg body weight, group three (BP) received 300 mg bee’s pollen / kg body weight, group four (H) received 1 ml bee’s honey / kg body weight. The royal jelly dose prepared by mixed 3.5gram RJ + 17.5 ml honey + 17.5 ml water and each animal received two ml from this mix / kg body weight orally every day. The bee’s pollen dose prepared by mixed 5gram grinded bee’s pollen + 14.5 ml honey + 14.5 ml water then each animal received daily two ml from this mix / kg body weight. All animals received treatment orally daily. At 56 and 84 days of age four animals from each group were slaughtered and blood samples were collected on EDTA from each slaughtered animal. White and red blood corpuscles and hematocrit percentage were determined; blood plasma was separated by centrifugation (2500 rpm for 15 minutes) and stored at -20 ºC for chemical analysis of liver enzymes (AST and ALT), urea and thyroid hormones T3 and T4). Animals weight were recorded weakly. The live body weight was taken before slaughtering and weights after slaughter, carcass weight, liver, heart, and lungs weights. Weight of deficient parts of the reproductive system (ovaries, oviducts, uterine horns, and vagina) using a sensitive digital scale. Ovarian sample was fixed in 10% formalin for 24 hours, transferred directly to 70% ethyl alcohol, dried the sample, and placed in paraffin wax. The sections were taken with a thickness of four microns, then dried and stained with haematoxylin and eosin attains and examined by light microscope the percentage of follicle types on the ovarian cortex detected. The follicles were classified into its diverse types (primary, secondary, tertiary, and mature follicles), then the largest and smallest diameters of these ovarian follicles and their oocyte were measured (index of ovarian follicles and index of their Oocytes). The rest of animals from each group were saved to determine the reproduction performance.
Results indicated that:
1. Animals in control group recorded insignificant heaviest LBW gram, followed by animals treated by RJ, PB and H as following1666.875, 1500.00, 1462.500 and 1293.750 gram, receptively at 84 days of age.
2. Animals in control group recorded the heaviest insignificant heart weight, followed by animals treated by pollen, honey and royal 4.954, 4.845, 4.539 and 4.289 gram, receptively
3. Treated animals with pollen recorded insignificant heaviest kidney weight, followed by animals in control, royal and honey groups 10.793, 9.679, 9.557 and 8.836 gram, receptively.
4. Treated animals with pollen recorded the heaviest (P<0.02) lungs weight, followed by animals treated by, royal, control and honey groups 11.244, 10.459, 9.997 and 8.393 gram, receptively.
5. Animals in control group recorded the heaviest insignificant cecum weight, followed by animals treated by honey, pollen and royal 107.250, 91.125, 89.563 and 88.625 gram receptively.
6. Animals in control group recorded the heaviest insignificant liver weight, followed by animals treated by royal, pollen and honey 44.765, 44.590, 44.227 and 41.101 gram, receptively.
7. Treated animals with royal jelly recorded the highest (P<0.001) value of WBC’s, followed by animals in honey, control and pollen groups 10350.0, 7187.5, 6314.6 and 6125.0 / mm3, receptively
8. Age had significant effect on number of red blood corpuscles age at 84 days scored the highest value and at 56 days scored the lowest value,
9. The RBC’s /mm3 were 10250000.0, 10045750.0, 9407500.0 and 8241250.0 in control, honey, royal and pollen / mm3 groups, receptively. Difference was not statistically significant.
10. The PCV% in pollen, royal, honey and control animals were 33.604, 33.134, 32.241 and 31.255 % receptively. The difference was not statistically significant.
11. Aspartate transaminase at 84 days of age scored the highest value and at 56 days scored the lowest value,
12. Treated animals with bee pollen recorded the insignificant highest value of AST followed by animals in honey, royal and control groups 33.231, 30.744, 27.729 and 25.109 U/ ml receptively.
13. Treated animals with pollen recorded the highest plasma level of ALT followed by animals in royal, honey and control groups 35.773, 34.684, 31.62 and 23.171 U/ ml, receptively
14. Treated animals with pollen recorded insignificant highest value of urea followed by animals in honey, royal and control groups 3.304, 3.171, 2.935 and 2.797 mg/ dl, receptively.
15. Triiodothyronine at 56 days of age scored the highest value and at 84 days scored the lowest value.
16. Control animals recorded the highest insignificant level of T3 followed by animals treated by royal, pollen and honey 4.938, 4.151, 3.613 and 2.900 ng/ml, receptively.
17. Treated animals with royal recorded the highest (P< 0.030) level of T4 followed by animals in pollen, control, and honey groups 0.979, 0.951, 0.829 and 0.705 µg/dl, receptively
18. Body organs weight at 84 days of age scored the highest value and at 56 days scored the lowest value except liver and kidney weight.
19. Reproductive organs weight at 84 days of age scored the highest value and at 56 days scored the lowest value,
20. Primary follicles % at 56 days of age represent 83.63% and at 56 days of age represent 59.54% the difference was significant (P<0.001).
21. Secondary follicles % at 56 days of age represent 14.97 % increased significantly (P<0.0001) to 27.57% at 84 days of age.
22. Tertiary follicles % at 56 days of age represent 1.at% increased significantly (P<0.0001) to 12.15% at 84 days of age.
23. Mature follicles % at 56 days of age represent 0.28% increased significantly (P<0.0001) to 0.74% at 84 days of age.
24. Treated growing female rabbit with RJ increased percentage of ovarian primary follicle significantly (P<0.039) and decreased (P<0.011) percentage of tertiary follicle.
25. At age of 56 the interaction between age and treatment had a significant (P<0.01) effect on ovarian primary, secondary and tertiary follicles (P< 0.01- P<0.04).
26. The ovarian follicle index was 4347.3 micron at 56 days of age increased (P<0.0001) to 7057.1 micron at 84 days of age.
27. Control growing female rabbit had insignificant longest primary follicle index.
28. The interaction between animal age and treatment had significant (P<0.0015) effect on primary follicle index.
29. The primary follicle oocyte index increased (P<0.0001) from 1141.6 micron at 56 days of age to 1836.8 micron at 84 days of age
30. Both tertiary follicle and tertiary follicle oocyte indexes decreased (P<0.0001) from19594 and 7776.2µ at 56 days of age to 177568 and 5811.5µ at 84 days of age, respectively.
31. Treated animals with bee pollen recorded the highest insignificant value of age at first conception, followed by animals in royal jelly, honey and control 140.0, 128.0, 107.5 and 104.5 receptively.
32. Treated animals with royal recorded insignificant heaviest value of LWB gram, followed by animals in honey, control, and pollen 351.3, 292.5, 275.0 and 231.3 gram receptively.
33. Treated animals with royal jelly produced insignificant heaviest litter at birth, followed by control, honey and pollen groups 2505.0, 1768.3, 1718.8 and 1416.3 gram, receptively.
34. Animals produced from does treat with pollen showed the significant largest (P<0.04) MR% during suckling, followed by animals in honey, royal jelly, and control groups47.4, 30.4, 22.2 and 17.5 receptively.
Conclusion
Treated weaned crossbreed rabbits with one cm3 of bee honey/day/kilogram live body weight led to a decrease in growth rates, a delay in age at the first conception, and a decrease in liter size and weight at birth. On the other hand increased a high mortality rate in the resulting offspring during the lactation period. When royal jelly is added to honey at a dose of 180 mg/day per kilogram live weight or 300 mg of pollen/day/kilogram live weight the inhibitory effect of honey is reduced.