الفهرس 
Title : Effect of body mass index on craniovertebral angle and shoulder angle in Egyptian adolescents
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Abstract
Background. Craniovertebral angle and shoulder angle used to evaluate forward head and rounded shoulder due to forward head and rounded shoulder considered most common postural abnormality in cervical and shoulder region. Body mass index is expressed by weight (in kilogram) for height (in meter square) relationship. Although most previous researches were conducted to determine the relation between forward head posture and cervical pain or thoracic kyphosis or temporomandibular joint and since the relation between body mass index and forward head posture and rounded shoulder posture is not clearly understood. Aim of the study: The study to understand the effect body mass index on craniovertebral angle ”CVA” and shoulder angle ”SA” in asymptomatic subjects. Subjects and Methods: Eighty-six Egyptian female physical therapy students aged 18-22 years old and body mass index ranged from 21.98-34.7 kg/m2 were recruited for this cross section study. Subjects were divided into 3 Groups. group A ”Normal BMI”, group B ”Overweight” and group C ”Obesity class-I”. The craniovertebral angle ”CVA” and shoulder angle ”SA ”were used to measure the degree of forward head posture and rounded shoulder posture respectively from standing position by photogrammetry of the cervical spine and dominant shoulder. Results: For group A ”Normal weight”, mean age was 19.41 ± 1.03 years, mean weight was 57.3 ± 6.65 Kg, mean height was 1.61 ± 0.61 m, and mean BMI was 21.98 ± 1.71 Kg/ m². For group B ”Overweight”, mean age was 19.21 ± 0.42 years, mean weight was 70.25 ± 7.23 Kg, mean height was 1.61 ± 0.7 m, and mean BMI was 26.78 ± 1.44 Kg/ m2) For group C ”Obesity Class-I” mean age was 19.4 ± 0.55 years, mean weight was 86.8 ± 8.17 Kg, mean height was 1.58 ± 0.8 m, and mean BMI was 34.7 ± 4.41 Kg/ m²). For CVA; there was Significant correlation detected between Normal weight and overweight (p<0.02) and significant correlation a between Normal weight and obese (p<0.03). For SA ; there was significant correlation between normal weight and overweight (p<0.02)