الفهرس 
ANATOMY OF BREASTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent among women in the developed and developing world alike, accounting for 22.9% of cancer cases in women and is also the number one cause of death from cancer in women.
Therefore, over the years, he made many efforts to increase awareness of early detection of breast tumors and to provide multiple and highly efficient diagnostic methods to improve results and therefore early diagnosis, which in turn reflects on recovery.
Conservative excision of breast tumors with radiotherapy, chemotherapy or hormonal therapy has become the first solution for early detected tumors, bearing the same results as complete mastectomy.
And the difficulty of conservative excision of breast tumors in the early stages comes in small-sized tumors that are difficult to feel by clinical examination while they were seen by ultrasound or mammogram. Tumor-free when excision and not removing a large part of the breast without the need for it
The role of the message came by studying carbon nanoparticles in determining the locations of clinically imperceptible tumors. Carbon nanoparticles with a size of 120-150 nanometers were used and injected around the tumor using sound waves at a distance of 0.5 cm from the tumor in four different places while determining the location of the tumor again with carbon particles. With four points on the skin, the place of the surgical opening, and the cases were studied from the side, the safe edges after the excision and the size of the tissues that were removed. The result was obtaining safe edges. It was confirmed by the immediate pathological examination and the absence of large tissues from the breast, which helped to reach better results. In the conservative mastectomy from the aspect of the general appearance and post-operative problems such as fluid accumulation in the wound or infection and wound infections
The use of nano-carbon helped to avoid the disadvantages of using the metal wire, which is the lack of good communication between the radiologist and the surgeon, the possibility of losing the relevant wire or moving it from its place and the necessity of installing it immediately before the operation. Because it has qualities that are good at locating the tumor and the possibility of using it for days before the operation, and these particles are very safe for the patient.
The use of nano-carbon in locating non-clinically perceptible tumors carries high efficiency and accuracy, and is considered the most appropriate alternative to metal wire.