الفهرس 
Chapter One IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The Intelligent transportation system (ITS) includes an extensive network of public and private transportation facilities, including roads, railways, airports and multi-use paths. The proposed system is intended to allow people to travel where safely and efficiently, while also providing efficient movement of passengers and vehicles. The intelligent transport system also impacts on maintaining traffic flexibility, reduce accidents and reduce traffic congestion especially in times of traffic jams, as well as reduce noise pollution. Providing various wireless connectivity for vehicles enables communication between vehicles and their internal and external environments. Such connected vehicle solutions are expected to be the next ambitions for automotive revolution and the key to the evolution to next generation intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). Moreover, connected vehicles are also the building blocks of the emerging Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Internet of Things (IoT). Extensive academic research activities as well as many industrial initiatives have covered the way for the coming era of connected vehicles.
In this thesis, the 5G (Fifth generation) wireless communication system including are studied and the thesis focus on antenna elements, MIMO, and antenna arrays that can be utilized in the 5G applications and potential challenges to provide vehicle-to-x connectivity. The main goal of this thesis is to produce a low cost, high gain, and omnidirectional antenna for V2X communication in 5G applications. Different structures are designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured for better validation to the design theory and structure analysis for proposed antennas.
This thesis presents three alternative effective designs of vehicle to vehicle antennas which can be suitable for 5G communication systems. It is started by a switched beam antenna system consists of 4 Vivaldi antennas for V2V communication. The proposed design is realized on a substrate material of “Rogers 5880” with ε_r=2.2,tanδ=0.002, and 0.508 mm substrate thickness. The antenna is designed to operate at a center frequency of 28 GHz with operating bandwidth of 1.463 GHz. An overall realized gain of 9.78 dBi is achieved at the intended center frequency. The proposed antenna provides a full 〖360〗^o coverage area with high gain and large distance compared with omnidirectional one.
The second design is a MIMO antenna system that consists of four-elements Vivaldi antenna for V2V communication. The proposed design is realized on the same substrate as the first design. The antenna is also designed to operate at a center frequency of 28 GHz. The designed antenna achieves a wide bandwidth of 1.57 GHz (5.61%) around the center frequency. The radiation pattern of the proposed structure covers all the directions (a full 〖360〗^o coverage area) with high gain. An overall realized gain of 9.68 dBi is achieved at the intended center frequency.
A wideband compact shark-fin antenna operating in a frequency band from 2.86 GHz to 7.68 GHz is the third design. The proposed design is realized on a substrate material of “Rogers 4003C” with ε_r=3.48, tanδ=0.0027, and 0.81 mm, substrate thickness. The antenna is designed to operate at a center frequency of 5 GHz with an operating bandwidth of 4.82 GHz (96.4%). The bandwidth covers the lower band and mid band of 5G at resonant frequencies of 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The realized gain of the proposed antenna is 4.1 dBi and 5.35 dBi in the lower band and mid band, respectively.
All these proposed antennas presented in the thesis, are designed, simulated, analyzed, fabricated, and measured. Good agreement is found between simulated and measured results.