الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons at Sakha Agricultural Research Station kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center at Giza, Egypt. These experiments aimed to study the response of growth yield, yield attributes and cotton fiber characteristics to seven fertilization treatments:
1. 100% mineral fertilizer NPK (62kgN/fed., 22.5kgP2O5/fed. and 50kg K2O/fed.) as control.
2. nano chitosan NPK.
3. nano neem NPK.
4. nano geranium NPK NPK.
5. nano Fe + control.
6. nano Mn+ control.
7. nano B+ control.
of two Egyptian cotton cultivars Giza 94 and Giza 96.
The important results of this study can be summarized as follow:
1- Growth, yield and yield attributes:
1.1. Plant height.
The results indicated that the effect of nano-fertilization and interaction between nano-fertilization were significant for plant height in 2019 and 2020 growing seasons.
The treatment contains Nano Chitosan (N.P.K) gave the highest values of plant height in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
As for the effect of interaction, the highest values were obtained from Giza 94 cultivar and fertilized by nano chitosan in both seasons, respectively.
1.2. Position of first fruiting branch /plant
Results revealed that positions of first fruiting branch /plant were in non significantly for studied cultivars effect, treatments and the interaction between cotton cultivar in both seasons.
1.3. Numbers of fruiting branches per plant
Data revealed that numbers of fruiting branches /plant were significantly affected by the studied Nano fertilizer treatments. These results were fairly true in the two growing seasons; 2019 and 2020.
The treatment of Nano Chitosan (N.P.K) fertilizer gave the highest Numbers of fruiting branches per plant in both seasons.
Regarding to, the effect of the interaction between cotton cultivars and nano- treatment. The highest values were obtained from Giza 94 cultivar fertilized with nano chitosan in both seasons.
1.4. Total number of bolls per plant:
Results obtained showed that, the effect of nano fertilizer treatment was significant in both seasons. While cultivars and the interaction between treatment and cultivars were significant in 2019 season only.
Regarded to the cultivar effect, the highest value of total number of bolls per plant was obtained from Giza 94 cultivar in 2019 season.
The treatment of Nano Chitosan (N.P.K) fertilizer gave the highest total number of bolls per plant in the first and second seasons.
As to, the effect of the interaction, the highest values were obtained from Giza 94 cultivar and nano chitosan in 2019 season.
1.5. Number of open bolls per plant
The results indicated that the effect of treatment, cultivars and the interaction between treatment and cultivars were significant in 2019 and 2022 seasons.
The effect of cultivars, the highest values of number of opened bolls per plant were obtained from Giza 94 cultivar in both seasons. While the effect of treatment of Nano Chitosan (N.P.K) gave the highest number of open bolls per plant in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
Regarding to the interaction between cotton cultivars and nano- treatment, the highest values of number of open bolls per plant were obtained from Giza 94 cultivar and nano chitosan in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
1.6. Boll weight in gram
The result showed that nano compound treatments and the interaction between treatment and cultivars were significant in both seasons while, cultivars were significant in 2020 season.
The highest value of boll weight was obtained from Giza 94 cultivar in 2020 season. As to, the effect of the treatment, Nano Chitosan (N.P.K) gave the highest boll weight in gram in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
Regarded to the interaction between cotton cultivars and nano- treatment, the highest value were obtained from Giza 94 cultivar and nano chitosan, in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
1.7. Lint percentage (%)
The results indicated that the effect of treatment and cultivars were significant in 2019 and 2022 seasons. But the interaction between cotton cultivars and nano- treatment was significant in the second season.
The obtained results indicated that treatment of Nano Chitosan (N.P.K) gave the greatest lint percentage values in 2019 and 2020.
Concerning the impact of the interaction the highest values of lint percentage were obtained from Giza 96 cultivar with control and nano geranium in 2020 season.
1.8. Seed index
The differences among cultivars were significant in both seasons. The highest values of seed index were obtained from Giza 94 cultivar in both seasons, respectively.
The obtained results indicated that treatment of nano Chitosan (N.P.K) and Nano Fe + control gave the heaviest weight of seed index in both seasons
The interaction between cotton cultivars and nano- treatment were significant in both seasons. The highest values were obtained from Giza 94 cultivar sprayed with nano chitosan and Nano Fe + control in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
1.9. Seed cotton yield (kentar/fed.)
Regarding to the studied cultivars effect, the differences among cultivars were significant in both seasons. The highest values of seed cotton yield were obtained from Giza 94 cultivar in both seasons,
As for the nano treatment, the treatment of nano- chitosan yielded the maximum seed cotton in 2019 and 2020 growing seasons, respectively.
The interaction between cotton cultivars and nano- treatment were significant in both seasons. The highest values were obtained from Giza 94 cultivar and nano chitosan in 2019 and 2020 seasons It worthy to mention that there were no significant difference between the nano transaction according to L.S.D. value.
1.10. Lint cotton yield (Kentar/fed.)
Concerning the effect cultivars, significant effect was observed in both seasons. While the highest values of Lint cotton yield was obtained from Giza 94 cultivar in both seasons.
According to effect of the treatments the nano-chitosan fertilizer gave the highest lint cotton yield in both seasons, respectively.
The interaction between cotton cultivars and nano- treatment were significant in first seasons. The interaction between Giza 94 cultivar and nano chitosan out-yielded other treatments but statically equaled with Nano Geranium and nano Fe + control in 2019 season.
2. Fiber technological properties:
2.1. Fiber Upper Half Mean (UHM)
Concerning the effect of cultivars, the differences between the two cotton cultivars were significant in both seasons. The highest values of UHM were obtained from Giza 96 cultivar in both seasons.
. The obtained results indicated that treatment of Nano Chitosan (N.P.K) gave the greatest value of UHM.
The effect of the interaction between cotton cultivars and Nano- treatment was significant in both seasons. The highest values were obtained from Giza 96 cultivar with Nano chitosan application, Nano neem and Nano B +control in both seasons, respectively.
2.2. Fiber Uniformity Index (UI)
Regarding the effect of cultivars, significant effects were appeared in both seasons. Giza 96 cultivar was surpassed Giza 94 in fiber Uniformity Index in the first and second seasons.
The treatment of nano-chitosan fertilizer gave the highest values of fiber uniformity index in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
The interaction between cotton cultivars and nano- treatment were significant in both seasons. The highest values were obtained from Giza 96 cultivar treated by nano chitosan and nano Fe+ control in the first and second seasons, respectively.
2.3. Fiber strength (g/tex)
Giza 96 cultivar exhibited the highest value of fiber strength in first and second season, respectively. In contrast, the lowest values were obtained from Giza 94 cultivars, in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
The transaction containing nano-chitosan fertilizers exhibited the strongest fibers in 2019 and 2020 seasons, respectively. Nano-Geranium (N.P.K) showed the weakest fiber strength values in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
The interaction between cotton cultivars and nano- treatment were significant in both seasons. The highest values were obtained from Giza 96 cultivar sprayed by Nano chitosan in 2019 while equated treatment Nano chitosan with Nano neem, Nano B +control and Nano Mn + control in 2020 seasons.
2.4. Fiber elongation percentage
Concerning the studied cultivars, significant effects were observed in both seasons. The highest fiber elongation percentages were recognized from Giza 96 cultivar in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
The treatment of nano-chitosan fertilizer gave the largest fiber elongation (%) in 2019 and 2020 seasons. it should be noted that there is no significant difference between the nano-treatment according to the value of L.S.D.
Referring to the effect of the interaction between the studied cotton cultivars and nano- treatment, the highest values were obtained from Giza 96 with nano chitosan in the two studied seasons, respectively.
2.5. Micronaire value
Cultivars effects were significant in both seasons. The finest values of micronaire value were obtained from Giza 96 cultivar in both seasons.
The treatment of nano-chitosan fertilizer gave the largest values of Micronaire value in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
The effect of the interaction between cotton cultivars and nano- treatment gave the highest values were obtained from Giza 94 cultivar and nano chitosan in both seasons.
2.6. Fiber maturity ratio
Values of fiber maturity ratio were obtained from Giza 96 cultivar in both seasons.
The treatment of nano-chitosan fertilizer gave the largest fiber maturity ratio in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
Interaction between cotton cultivars and Nano- treatment were no significant in both seasons, respectively.
2.7. Short fiber index (SFI %)
Its worthy to mention that short fiber index followed opposite trend as compared to all the previous characters under study. Cultivars effect was significant in both seasons. The highest values of short fiber index was obtained from Giza 96 cultivar in 2019 and 2020 seasons, respectively.
The highest shortest fiber reading was recorded from the treatment containing the nano-chitosan fertilization on both seasons.
The effect of the interaction between cotton cultivars and nano- treatment gave the highest values were obtained from Giza 96 cultivar treated by nano chitosan in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
2.8. Fiber yellowness degree (+b)
That fiber yellowness degree (+b) didn’t affect significantly by nano compound and the studied cultivars or its interaction in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
2.9. Fiber Reflection percent (Rd %)
Cultivars effect was significant in 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The highest value of Reflection degree was obtained from Giza 96 cultivar in 2019 and 2020 seasons, respectively.
As to the influence of treatment was appeared that reflection degree gave the highest fiber reflection percent was obtained from the treatment containing the nano-chitosan fertilization first and second seasons.
Interaction between cotton cultivars and nano- treatment were significant in both seasons. The highest values were obtained from Giza 96 cultivar and nano chitosan in both seasons respectively.