الفهرس 
Title : A study on the possible protective effects of curcumin and grape seed extract on male fertility of hypercholesterolemic rats
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Abstract
Objectives: Reduced male fertility is highly prevalent with hypercholesterolemia. Though statins are drugs of choice for hypercholesterolemia, their effect on male fertility is still controversial and dose-dependent. Some herbal remedies like grape seed extract (GSE) and curcumin possess hypocholesterolemic and testicular protective effects. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of low-dose atorvastatin (ATV) on male infertility of hypercholesterolemic rats and to assess the additional value which could be obtained from combining ATV with either GSE or curcumin. Methods: Adult male Sprague dawley rats were randomized into unequal groups; rats of the first group (n=10) were fed a standard diet (SD) and served as the normal control, and rats of the second group (n=70) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 30 days for induction of hypercholesterolemia. Hypercholesterolemic rats were then allocated into 7 groups 10 rats each; I- high-fat diet (HFD) group: rats were fed HFD and received no treatment and served as the positive control, II- CMC group: rats were fed HFD and administered 1% CMC and served as a control for rats treated with drugs suspended in CMC, III- ATV group: rats were fed HFD and treated with ATV (1mg/kg), IV- GSE group: rats were fed HFD and treated with GSE (200mg/kg), V- Curcumin group: rats were fed HFD and treated with curcumin (80mg/kg), VI- ATV+GSE: rats were fed HFD and administered both ATV and GSE, VII-ATV+curcumin: rats were fed HFD and administered both ATV and curcumin. Different treatments were orally administered for 65 days. Serum lipid profile parameters and testosterone level were measured. Sperm count, sperm motility, and fertility index were evaluated. Testicular content of MDA, NO, GSH, SOD as well as catalase enzyme activity were determined. In addition, testicular immunohistochemical expression of caspase-9 and -3 was estimated. Finally, histopathological examination of testes and seminal vesicles was performed