الفهرس 
1يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Summary
The origins of textual cohesion are not recent, but have ancient roots; It was mentioned in the past as “Nazam al-Kalam”, but what added modernity to this theory is the use of the term “textual coherence”; What is new is the discovery of it, and the attempt to employ it in a scientific and practical way; Hence, we can say: The “text coherence theory” is an old and modern theory, which means that the text is a holistic linguistic structure, the components of which are linked to each other formally and semantically.
The effect of grammar on the cohesion of the text was clearly evident, as it cannot be ignored when employing the means of grammatical casting for the purpose of embodying the indispensable textual cohesion. The sequence of sentences refers to a set of facts and the text has to reveal the moral relationship between the sum of these facts, because the means of linking by employing the appropriate tools for the sentences also appear more clearly, being the only source of the text feature, and this is what makes linking with tools more important than Moral linkage while recognizing that implicit relationships are represented as a binding force.
The grammatical rules control the systems of sentences and correct their structures, as well as the internal relations between sentences among themselves, and then between them and the text as a whole, and this is what embodies the casting and its various grammatical and semantic textual rules. In this sense; The casting is a set of formal rules that connect linguistic elements gradually, ascending from the smallest linguistic unit to the largest linguistic unit.
In summary, the study dealt with the description and analysis of the means that contribute to achieving the textual cohesion of the text, and since the applied study is the focus of the research, in which the theoretical rules of language are revealed, which is the way to understand speech, the study chose Netanyahu’s speeches as a textual material, where the means of textual cohesion were presented, It was found that these methods were as follows:
First: grammatical cohesion is a relationship between the components of the text; where the interpretation of one of them stops by reference to the other, it means the relationship of the interpretation of the text to the text, and grammatical coherence is achieved through a group of means (continuity, non-repetition, briefness of interpretation), and these means were represented in some of the mechanisms that achieve the property of continuity; It is the referral - replacement - deletion, and in terms of the appearance of these elements, the referral element appeared predominantly in the discourses of the applied field of study, and the percentage of the referral appeared in about 95% of the total number of discourses, especially the referral with personal pronouns (connected - separate) and reference nouns and then referral In comparison, followed by the element of deletion, whose percentage of appearance in the letters is about 48% of the total number of letters, then the element of substitution, which appeared less, where the percentage of the appearance of substitution in the letters is about 46% of the total number of letters Applied field of study
Second: Semantic coherence is a semantic relationship that organizes the components of the text, designating the way in which the next comes after the previous in a system, which achieves the organization of the text and the interconnectedness of its parts. These links the writer presents his information to obtain the receiver’s acceptance of his constructive procedures, and then the semantic coherence benefits: organization – coherence – construction. In terms of the emergence of these elements, the most prominent element in the semantic cohesion was the additional link, which appeared in the discourses about 80% of the total number of discourses, followed by the causal link by 41%, and the reverse link by 38% of the total number of discourses, and finally the temporal link, which Its appearance in speeches is about 43% of the total number of speeches.
Third: Lexical coherence is a semantic lexical interconnection relationship between the vocabulary of the text, achieving a common presence between the text, as well as achieving credibility and comprehensiveness of the textual meaning, and then lexical coherence is a means to achieve: continuity, comprehensiveness and credibility, and this relationship was represented in the discourses of the applied field of study in two lexical means , namely: repetition and compaction, and in terms of the appearance of these elements, the largest presence of the element of repetition, which contributed to the discourses, was about 82% of the total number of discourses, then the consolidation, which contributed to its first type, which is the contradiction in the discourses, amounted to about 46% of the total number of discourses. Discourses.
Through the study, it becomes clear that the elements that have played an active role and that had the largest and most prominent presence of the elements of textual cohesion (grammatical - semantic - lexical) referral - additional linkage - repetition, there is no discourse devoid of these elements, while the rest of the elements are found in discourses largely And other letters to a lesser extent and may sometimes be absent in some speeches.
The results of the research were as follows:
1- Textual coherence is one of the studies that have received a wide range of study and research from the linguistics side of the text, and one of the most important issues that have received great attention from Arab text scholars and modernists.
2- Proving that the task of textual linguistics is to describe the internal and external relationships of textual structures at their different levels, and to explain the many aspects of the forms of communication and the use of language
. 3- Research proves the availability of grammatical casting elements, whether they are in vocabulary, sentences or the entire text, with the degree of their existence varying from one text to another.
4- The contribution of the elements of textual cohesion (grammatical, semantic, lexical) significantly in achieving the textuality of the text and making speech unified.
5- Cohesion (grammatical - semantic - lexical) is the basic criteria for the cohesion of the text, in the light of which other textual standards are achieved.
6- In light of the means of textual cohesion (grammatical - semantic - lexical) in the discourses of the applied field of study, other textual coherence criteria were fulfilled: intentionality, acceptability, media, and stationery.
7- The textual reference (tribal - posterior) and maqamiya worked on the cohesion of the text and linking it with each other, as well as linking it to the outside world.
8- The researcher believes that the subject of substitution in textual linguistics is immature and needs to be reconsidered, because of its overlap with other textual subjects, as the grammarians of the text unanimously agreed that verbal substitution is done by using denoting nouns, and this same function they demonstrated for the denoting noun in the subject of reference, as well as the overlap of the use of Words (other - same) in reference by comparison and nominal substitution.
9- The deletion has a great impact on the casting of the text, because it opens the way for the recipient of the text to share the text producer, because the responsibility to fill in the gaps that occur due to the deletion rests with the recipient.
10 - Repetition is a means of textual cohesion, as it links the parts of the text with the repetition of some words with their pronunciation and their meaning or their meaning only in the text, in order to draw the attention of the recipient towards an important topic that the speaker wants to warn about by repeating its pronunciation, meaning or one of its qualities.
11- The cohesion is present in the discourses, especially the antagonism, where it was dominant over it, in order to clarify the meaning and bring it closer to the mind of the reader, and as it is said with the opposites things become clear.