الفهرس 
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
RNA viruses have higher mutation rates compared to DNA viruses. This makes it difficult to make effective RNA vaccines against RNA viruses that are characterized by their genetic diversity. Examples: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious acute viral respiratory disease that mostly affects chickens. This virus has caused heavy losses in the poultry sector, and live attenuated vaccines are routinely used to prevent and control IBV. However, due to the enormous genetic diversity, vaccines have become ineffective, with low cross-protective effects between vaccine serotypes.
The main objective of our study is to find natural herbal plants capable of preventing and treating viral diseases.
• First: The curcumin extraction from turmeric was prepared using the Soxhlet device.
• Second: Isolation of curcumin: from the crude extract on a silica gel column to obtain pure curcumin.
• Third: Detection of curcumin: It was detected by TLC and HPLC / UV. The chemical composition of the isolated compound was confirmed to be curcumin using NMR
• Fourth, cytotoxicity test: The lethal doses of EGCG and curcumin were determined using different cell lines.It was found that CC50 of curcumin was 25-30 µg/ml, and EGCG 450-480 µg/ml on different cell lines.
• Fifth: To evaluate the antiviral activity of curcumin and EGCG:
The antiviral activities of each compound were assayed separately and in combination using MA104, BGM, FRHK4 and Huh 7.5 cell strains, separately infected with different RNA viruses; Rotavirus strain Wa, HAV HM175, Coxsackievirus B4, and ED-43/SG-Feo (VYG) of hepatitis C virus 4a genotype. The results estimated by plaque assay and PCR analysis showed that the combination of curcumin and EGCG showed the best results as a therapeutic and antiviral agent.
• Sixth: To evaluate the antiviral activity of curcumin and EGCG for each substance, once and again, a mixture of the two substances as treatment materials for viral diseases and as preventive materials against viral diseases in the living organism. The purpose of this work was to verify the potential antiviral effects of curcumin, EGCG, and their mixtures against IBV invivo.
This study was done on a group of chickens. Two experimental designs were investigated:
(1) Pre-treatment of chickens before infection, and (2) direct treatment of virus-infected chickens, compared to a group of non-infected (negative) and virus-infected (positive) chickens without giving them. No treatment, and virus titers were measured using real-time PCR. Clinical symptoms were also compared with the negative and positive control groups. Finally, the tracheal tissues of each group were histologically evaluated. During infection
treatment, there was a significant decrease in virus titer, and we also evaluated the antiviral effect of EGCG and curcumin as a prophylactic and antiviral agent. Ongoing efforts are being made to identify the most promising sources of antiviral and RNA-preventing agents according to our data. These results indicated that curcumin, EGCG and their mixtures have significant antiviral activity.