الفهرس 
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Abstract
This thesis investigated the flexural moment capacity of standard steel I-beams stiffened with double-sided batten plates. In this study, the sections used are various from IPE100 to IPE600 and HEB100 to HEB1000 which are hot rolled standard cross-section profiles
A finite element model is used to investigate the behavior of steel I-beams using finite element software ANSYS [1]. A non-linear finite element analysis is performed where non-linearity in material, initial imperfections and initial residual stresses were considered. The proposed FEM is verified with various previous analytical and experimental research works. The model is verified also with different design equations in specifications.
A proposed equation was utilized to calculate the flexural moment capacity of the steel I-beams. A parametric study using the nonlinear finite element analysis was conducted to validate the proposed equation of the flexural moment capacity and the results show a good agreement.
6.2 Conclusions
1- By changing the cross-section profiles, it seems that all the cross-sections have the same behavior while using batten plates.
2- The best location of the batten plate to maximize the flexural capacity is at 0.1L and it gets reduced while moving away from the beam ends towards the mid-span of the beam.
3- the effect of changing the width of batten plates for the same I-beam profile is significant on the flexural moment capacity of simply supported I-beams. The wide batten plates change the behavior of the open I-beams to have the same behavior as the closed box beams which have better resistance to torsional deformation.
4- The moment capacity for the same beam profile is increased slightly with increasing the thickness of batten plates. So it’s recommended to use batten plates with an average thickness approximately equals to the web thickness of the studied beam.
5- The same concept of superposition in the proposed equation can be used for more than 4 batten plates on both sides to calculate the elastic moment capacity of the steel I-beam.
6- The effect of using batten plates in increasing flexural capacity is pronounced at long spans [elastic LTB].
7- The maximum increase for specimens in the elastic zone is 15% to 30 % over the elastic moment capacity of the unstiffened case.
8- Inelastic LTB failure mode depends on the material properties and batten plate has no significant effect in the non-linear LTB zone.
9- The maximum increase for specimens in the inelastic zone with (L/rt =100) is 6% over the moment capacity of the unstiffened case for IPE and 4% for HEB.
10- The proposed equation can predict different configurations of IPE and HEB for both elastic and inelastic moment capacity.
11- An advanced numerical technique is developed to simulate the initial residual stresses (IRSs) in hot-rolled steel members using a sequentially coupled transient thermomechanical analysis
12- It is assumed that IRSs in hot-rolled steel members primarily develop during the cooling phase after rolling to the final shape. The numerical technique developed can simulate the magnitude and distribution of IRSs in different sections with reasonable accuracy.
13- The results of finite element model results show that residual stresses reduce the moment capacity of the steel beams by maximum value of 7 %
14- The finite element model (FEM) was used to validate the proposed equation of flexural moment capacity and the results show an excellent agreement between the proposed equation and FEM.
6.3 Future research recommendations
This study suggests future research works in the following fields:
1- Investigation of the effect of using batten plates on the C-shapes beams and Built-up sections of steel beams.
2- The study of the batten plates effect on both axial strength and flexural strength of beam-columns.
3- The experimental work should be conducted to verify and measure the agreement with this stud