الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nowadays, silicon photonics have significant momentum in both scientific and industrials fields and considered as the leading technology for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). It has several applications such as data centers, high-performance computing, high-speed optical communications, microwave photonics, terahertz technology, on-chip optical interconnect and on-chip sensors. It owns the benefits of high-volume productions and the compatibility of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication process at low cost. For those reasons, many silicon-based photonics components such as waveguides, ring resonators, modulators, switches, light sources, detectors, photonic crystal and plasmonic devices have been explored in the literature.
This thesis aims to study the integrated optical micro ring resonators based on silicon photonics technology. Racetrack ring resonator is composed of a combination of straight and bend waveguides. For this purpose, a detailed analysis of inverted ridge silicon photonics straight waveguide and bend waveguide structure is accomplished focusing on mode conversion effects and back reflections at the interfaces between the straight and bend waveguides. A model for the bend waveguide based on multiple reflections and interference is introduced and a study of the effect of radii of curvature for the bend waveguide performance on the mode conversion and reflection coefficient is presented. A matrix model for analyzing the whole photonic circuit, embedding the back reflection effects and mode conversion, is developed and used to evaluate the effect of the bend waveguide. A silicon photonic chip is designed and fabricated including bend waveguides and ring resonator. A method for characterization based on optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) is suggested. The experimental response of the fabricated structures is measured and a discussion for the possible impact of fabrication tolerance is presented.
The thesis is divided into six chapters including lists of contents, tables, and figures as well as list of references. The chapters are described below:
Chapter 1:
This chapter gives a brief introduction to the motivation, objectives, major contributions, as well as organization of the thesis.
Chapter 2:
This chapter surveys the silicon photonic technology, the different structures of ring resonators and their applications, the analysis of bend waveguide in literature, the characterization techniques, and light coupling techniques for the silicon photonics structures.
Chapter 3:
This chapter introduces a detailed study of the straight and bend silicon waveguide structures, field profiles, effective refractive indices and their dependence on the dimensions and wavelength using modal analysis and finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods. Then a model for the bend waveguide as a low-finesses Fabry Perot (FP) resonator is introduced. The effect of the radius of curvature of the bend waveguide on mode conversion and the reflection coefficient is given.
Chapter 4:
This chapter presents the scattering matrix and transfer matrix representation of the bend waveguide. A simple photonic circuit is proposed and the effect of the bend waveguide on the performance of the structure is studied using the matrix representation. FDTD is used to simulate the circuit and the results are compared with the matrix approach.
Chapter 5:
In this chapter, the structures implemented in the fabricated silicon photonics chip are introduced. The sensitivity to the fabrication tolerance is analyzed for single ring resonator and nested coupled cavities. A suggested technique for parameters extraction is given and the experimental results are compared to the theoretical expectations.
Chapter 6:
This chapter gives the conclusion of the thesis and introduces several suggestions for the future work.