الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Transfer is an important but often neglected phase of continuing care of a patient who may also need additional care. Transfer should be initiated after carefully balancing the benefits obtained versus the risks involved. The patient transfer should be based on the concept of stabilization of patient at the transferring facility and continuing such care till the receiving facility. The transport personnel, an important factor in the safe transport, should be well qualified to achieve goals.(Ringdal et al., 2016) and (O’Leary et al., 2018).
IHT is an important procedure need continuing care of a patient who may also need additional care according the nature of his illness. Transfer should be ordered after carefully balancing the benefits obtained versus the risks involved. The patient transfer should be based on the concept of safety and stabilization by initiating stabilization of patient at the transferring facility and continuing such care till the receiving department or unit. The transport team, an important factor in the safe transport, should be well qualified to prevent and manage any complications that may arise during the transport process. (Alamanou & Brokalaki., 2020).
Aim of the Study:
Assess risk factors associated with intra-hospital transportation among critically ill patient.
Research Questions:
This study based on answering the following research questions:
1- What is the nurses’ level of knowledge regarding risk factors associated with intra-hospital transportation among critically ill patient?
2- What is the nurses’ level of practice regarding risk factors associated with intra-hospital transportation among critically ill patients?
3- What is the nurses’ level of awareness regarding risk factors associated with intra-hospital transportation among critically ill patients?
Research design:
A descriptive exploratory research design was used in carrying out this study.
Setting:
This study was conducted at General Intensive Care Units (Emergency -cardiac-neurological and post-surgical), which is affiliated to Tanta University Hospitals.
Subject:
A convenient sample of (60) nurses who work in Intensive Care Unit was included in the study.
Tools for data collection:
The data collected using the following tools:
1- Nurses’ self-administered questionnaire:
It was designed by the investigator after reviewing the relevant and most recent literatures and divided into four parts:
Part I- Concerned with demographic characteristics of nurses such as (age, gender, educational level, years of experience …etc).
Part II- Concerned with assessment of nurses’ level of knowledge regarding risk factors associated with intra-hospital transportation among critically ill patient (before, during and after intra-hospital transportation process). (Shields et al., 2015) and (Murata et al., 2021).
Part III- Concerned with assessment of nurses’ awareness regarding risk factors associated with intra-hospital transportation among critically ill patients such as definition, indications, types, distance, equipment’s …etc. (Williams et al., 2020) and (Sakshia and Vinay.,2021).
Part IV- Concerned with assessment of nurses’ expectation of risk factors associated with intra-hospital transportation among critically ill patient as regarding (patient, medical staff, equipment, and environment). (Kiss et al., 2017) and (Williams et al., 2020)
2- Observation checklist:
This checklist was used to assess nurse’s practice regarding risk factors associated with intra-hospital transportation among critically ill patient. The investigator assesses the nurse when applied the procedure on the patient (Williams et al., 2020) and (Sakshi & Vinay., 2021).
Results:
The main results of the study revealed that:
1- The age of the studied sample ranged from 22-44 years, the mean age was 29.855.822.70% of them were females.
2- Less than half of the studied nurses 41, 7% having bachelor degree, and 55, 0% of the studied nurses had experience more than 5years.
3- The majority of the studied nurses (93.3%) had unsatisfied knowledge about intra-hospital transportation of critically ill patients and risks, Mean score ± SD 12.423.707
4- The majority of the studied nurses (70%) had low cognitive awareness about intra-hospital transportation of critically ill patient, with Mean ± SD =12.652.713.
5- Mean percentage of the expected risk factors items of the studied nurses associated with intra-hospital transportation of critically ill patients (78.31%) related to patient with, comparing with (49.33%)was risk factor associated with medical team
6- Half of the studied nurses (50%) had low level of the expectation of risk factors associated with intra-hospital transportation of critically ill patient, with Mean ± SD 37.088.675.
7- The majority of the studied sample (36.7%) had unsatisfied practice before, during, and after intra-hospital transportation of critically ill patients.
8- The studied nurse had poor level of knowledge and low level of cognitive awareness level with positive, moderate and highly statistical significance correlation.
9- The majority of the studied nurse had poor level of knowledge and low expected risk factors level with negative, mild, non-significance correlation
10- The majority of the studied nurse had poor level of knowledge and the unsatisfactory total practice level was positive mild statistical significance correlation
11- There were significance between the knowledge score of studied nurses and their educational level and experience in years.
12- There was significance between the cognitive awareness of the studied nurses and their years of experience
13- There was significance between the nurses expected risk factors score and their age (in years).
14- Also there was significance between the nurses expected risk factors score and their educational level and their years of experience.
Conclusion
The results of the present study have concluded that: the majority of studied nurses had unsatisfied level of knowledge about intra-hospital transportation of critically ill patients, majority of the studied nurses had low cognitive awareness about intra-hospital transportation of critically ill patient, half of the studied nurses were disagree with the expectation of risk factors associated with intra-hospital transportation of critically ill patient, three quartile of the studied sample had incompetent level of practice before, during, and after intra-hospital transportation of critically ill patients. Also there were significance relation between the knowledge score of studied nurses and their educational level and experience in years. Also there was significance relation between the cognitive awareness of the studied nurses and their years of experience. Also there was significance relation between the nurses expected risk factors level and their educational level and their years of experience.
Recommendations
Based on the results of the present study the following recommendations are suggested:
1. Periodic health teaching programs for nurses including defining of IHT of critical ill patients, risk factors, the expected complications and to manage these complications.
2. Applied IHT strategies to improve patient safety and prevent any complications in general hospitals.
3. Providing ICUs and EDs with standardized procedures in the form of a check-list constitutes a significant step towards reducing the number of IHT-related AEs.
4. More studies are needed to identify risk factors of IHT process to avoid further complications.