الفهرس 
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Abstract
summery
Determination of Natural Radioactivity Concentrations and Environmental Impact Parameters in Rock Samples collected from a Mining Area in Southwestern Sinai, Egypt.
The Um Bogma surroundings are located on the east shore of the Gulf of Suez, in southern Sinai, to the east of Abu Zeneima town. Um-Bogma is divided into four regions : Abu Zarab, Sad Elbanat, TaletSelim, and Allouga. Um Bogma Formation located in south western Sinai, Egypt is considered as important region because it is rich with minerals such as uranium, Mn-Fe ore deposits and secondary copper .
This study aims to investigate the radionuclides and radon levels beside their hazard parameters in the Um-Bogma locality. High purity germanium (HPGe) detector was used to determine the specific activity concentration of radionuclides and radon concentration was determined by using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTDs).
Studies of environmental radiation levels and radionuclide distributions in the environment are important for several reasons;
First, entails in understanding human exposure from natural sources of radiation and distinguishing man-made contributions from it.
Second, studies of the dose from these sources and its effect on radiation levels of a specific region are also essential in establishing rules and regulations .
Lastly, our knowledge of the natural radiation levels serves as a historical record of the environment’s quality and provides a reference database for future use.
The present study aims to achieve the following main objectives;
1. Study the behavior of the radionuclide by measuring the activity concentrations of the natural radionuclide collected from the area under investigation using gamma spectrometric analysis.
2. Estimation of Hazard parameters due to radioactivity levels for each selected sample, radiation doses including the average radium equivalent (Raeq), total absorbed dose rate (D), external and internal hazard indices (Hex+Hin) , representative level index Iγ, annual dose equivalent and compare it with the permissible limits from (UNSCEAR,2000).
3. Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (CR-39) will be applied to the above samples to get the radon exposure level
4. Determination of the effective dose due to external and internal exposure due to radon exposure.
This thesis includes three main chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduction.
This part includes the general introduction about the different types of radiation and its sources also the behaviour of the radionuclides in the environment, distribution and their levels.
Chapter 2: Experimental Work
This chapter is divided into two parts:
Part І: This part describes the High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector that used to determine the activity concentration of radionuclides. Also, it describes the method of energy and efficiency calibration of gamma spectrometry.
Part П: This part deals with determination of radon concentration by using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTDs).
Chapter Three: Result and Discussion
This chapter id divided into two parts.
Part І: Gamma spectrometric analysis.
The results of γ-spectrometric analysis for rock samples, collected from Abu Zarab, Sad Elbanat, TaletSelim, and Allouga regions.
Part П: this part deal with Concentration of 222Rn emanated (226Ra decaying) has been calculated using empirical formulae and compared with that measured using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector CR-39 (SSNTD). Finally determination of the effective dose due to external and internal exposure due to radon exposure.
conclusion
The activity concentration of natural radionuclides as well as radon level were utilizing a high-resolution gamma ray spectrometry equipment in the current study of twenty rock samples selected from the Um-Bogma region. Hazard parameters for several samples have been established. This was accomplished by monitoring radioactive activity using HPGe gamma counting, radon concentration using SSNTDs, and hazard parameter estimate based on radioactivity levels for each sample. The average activity concentrations of radionuclides in several samples were provided, indicating that the 238U content was detected to be highly recorded in all of the tested samples. The average radium equivalent (Raeq), total absorbed dose rate (D), external and internal hazard indices (Hex + Hin), and annual dose equivalent were calculated and compared to the (UNSCEAR, 2000) permitted limits. The experimental results were compared to the radon concentrations that would be expected based on radium activity. The emanation coefficient decreased as the radium activity increased, which explains the dispersion of the generated radon due to collisions between the radon molecules in the samples. The risks parameters have been determined for all the investigated samples. The highest level of danger is in the Talet Seleim region. Finally, the effective external and internal dose owing to radon exposure is determined. According to the findings, safety precautions for workers in the examined area are required due to the geological formation of the area.