الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of two levels of Moringa oleifera (MO), Gymnema sylvestre (GS) leaves, and their combination on diabetic rats. For this purpose, study the effect of the levels of Moringa oleifera, Gymnema sylvestre leaves and their combination on the percentage of body weight gain (%), feed intake, feed efficiency ratio, the relative weight of internal organs, serum glucose, serum lipid profiles, liver enzymes activity and kidney functions of diabetic rats. As well as a food product (fino bread) was prepared by two levels from 2.5%, 5% Moringa oleifera leaves, 2.5%, 5% Gymnema sylvestre leaves and mix (1.25%MO +1.25GS, 2.5%MO+2.5%GS) respectively, with studying sensory properties in addition to estimating the chemical composition of this product. The study included two parts:
Part one: The biological experiment was conducted, in this study (40) male albino rats. The rats were divided into two main groups. The first main group (5 rats) was fed on a basal diet (as a control negative group). While the second main group (35 rats) was diabetic induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120mg/kg b.wt) then divided into seven subgroups. One of them fed on a diet as the positive control group (diabetic rats) and the other group fed on a basal diet containing 2.5%, 5% Moringa oleifera leaves, 2.5%, 5% Gymnema sylvestre leaves and equal combination by the same ratio respectively for 28 days.
At the end of the experimental period, weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency ratios, serum glucose, serum lipids profile (TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c and VLDL-c), liver enzymes activity including (ALT, AST and ALP), kidney functions (UN, UA and CR) were determined and histological examination of pancreas, liver and kidney tissues were also examined.
Part two: bakery product was prepared (fino bread) supplemented with the two levels from 2.5%, 5% Moringa oleifera leaves, 2.5%, 5% Gymnema sylvestre leaves and mix (1.25%MO+1.25GS, 2.5%MO +2.5%GS) replacement respectively, then there was subjected to sensory evaluations of the product and the estimation of chemical composition.
The results of the biological assessment, the results showed that injected rats of alloxan-induced defectiveness in all parameters. Feeding rats that suffered from diabetes with diets containing the two levels from MO, GS leaves and their combination led to a decrease in serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, kidney functions (uric acid, urea nitrogen, and creatinine), and liver enzymes activity (AST, ALT and ALP). While HDL-c increased, as compared to the positive control group.
Histopathological, examination of the pancreas, kidney and liver showed that the used model had no effect on kidney tissues at all (In all groups). While, examined of the pancreas, kidney and liver of rat, which fed on (5%) Moringa oleifera, (5%) Gymnema sylvestre leaves and their combination (2.5%MO +2.5%GS) showed amelioration in pancreas, kidney and liver cells.
The results of the total score of the sensory evaluation demonstrated that fino bread which was supplemented with the low levels of Moringa oleifera, Gymnema sylvestre leaves and their combination was acceptable.
The study recommends the use of Moringa oleifera leaves, Gymnema sylvestre, and their combination in preparing fino bread suitable for a diabetic.