الفهرس 
Aim of StudyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Fertility is the capacity to produce offspring, whereas fecundity is a woman’s biological ability to reproduce based on the monthly probability of conception. Clinical infertility is defined as the inability to become pregnant after 12 months of unprotected intercourse. The causes of infertility are wide ranging such as, Sperm factors, unexplained infertility, female age, smoking, obesity, and alcohol.
This study aims to study the effects of safflower seeds on rats infected with infertility.
group (1) Negative control which fed on standard diet and tab water, and the other group was fed on standard diet + (CdCl2,0.1%) at 0.1 ml/100g body weight for twice during the experiment to induce male fertility impaired. This group was further divided into the following subgroups:
group (2): 5 rats: positive control group (untreated group).
group (3): 5 rats: infertility rats fed on basel diet +2%safflower seeds powder.
group (4): 5 rats: infertility rats fed on basel diet +5%safflower seeds powder.
group (5): 5 rats: infertility rats fed on basel diet +7%safflower seeds powder.
group (6): 5 rats: infertility rats fed on basel diet +10%safflower seeds powder.
Collected after 12 hours fasting and serum was separated for determination of:
Lipid profile; total cholesterol (T.C), tri-glycerides (T.G), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), testosterone hormone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH).
Statistical analysis:
The data were statistically analyzed using a computerized costat program by one way ANOVA. The results are presented as mean±SD. Differences between treatments at (P≥0.05) were considered significant.
The results could be summarized as follows:
Due to subfertility rats BWG and FER were increased but decreased in FI.
Feeding on basel diet contained (2, 5, 7 & 10% safflower seeds) increased the BWG, FI&FER.
Inflicting with cadmium chloride increased the internal organ weight while the reverse indicated on (2, 5, 7 & 10% safflower seeds) increased in group 6 (10% safflower seeds).
Cadmium chloride injection increased TC, TG, LDL & VLDL but decreased the serum HDL.
Rats fed on 2% safflower seeds (group 3) showed the best treatment for lowering TC.
Numerically the best serum (T.G) was recorded for 7% safflower seeds (group 5) when compared with control (+) group.
The best serum (HDL-C) was observed for (group 5) 7% safflower seeds when compared with control (+) group.
Rats fed on (group 5) 7% safflower seeds recorded. The best treatment for lowering serum (LDL-C).
Cadmium chloride injected rats then fed on (group 5) 7% safflower seeds. The best treatment for considering serum (VLDL-C).
Rats fed on group 6 (10% safflower seeds) recorded the best treatment for lowering serum glucose.
Inflicting with cadmium chloride injection raised the activities of serum GPT, GOT & ALP. When feeding with (2, 5, 7 & 10% safflower seeds) reduced these levels.
The best treatment to correct the level of (GOT) enzyme was observed for (group 3) 2% safflower seeds.
The maximum improvement of serum GPT was found for (group 6) 10% safflower seeds.
Rats fed on diet contained 10% safflower seeds indicated the best treatment for correct serum ALP level.
Inflicting with cadmium chloride injection raised the serum creatinine, Urea & Uric acid. When feeding with (2, 5, 7 & 10% safflower seeds) reduced these levels.
Maximum improvement of serum creatine was found for group 6 (10% safflower seeds).
The best treatment for improving the level of serum urea was observed for group 6 (10% safflower seeds).
The best treatment for improving the level of serum Uric acid was observed for group 6 (10% safflower seeds).
Inflicting with cadmium chloride injection reduced the sexual hormones testosterone and FSH but increased LH. When feeding with (2, 5, 7 & 10% safflower seeds extract) increased these hormones while LH decreased.
from histopathological results, Liver, Kidney, Heart & Testes of all rats intoxicated with cadmium chloride then fed on all tested plants showed an improvement of structure changed by subfertility as compared with control (+) grou