الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 133 |  |  |
| | | from | 133 | | |
Abstract
SUMMARY
T
he present study was conducted to compare between the effect of osseodensifying drills and extraction drills on the amount of bone around implant fixtures by both histological analysis with (H&E staining) of area percent of bone around implant fixture and scanning electron microscope as methods of measurement.
The study was conducted on four mature mongrel dogs of comparable weight (10 to 15 Kg) with age range from nine months to one year. The dogs were kept in the animal house of faculty of veterinary medicine Cairo University for 6 months.
The Three Rs (3Rs) which were the guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in testing were considered while creating the study design of this research;
• Replacement: non-animal computer models could not be used to achieve the scientific aims of the research.
• Reduction: the least possible number of animals were used that can provide sufficient statistical power. Moreover, we try to obtain more information from the same number of animals.
• Refinement: All means to alleviate or minimize potential pain, suffering or distress of the animals will be performed.
Grouping
The four dogs were included in this study were numbered as sample A, B, C and D. Each dog jaw was split ted so that it included two implants on each side that had been placed with two different implant site preparation methods.
Control side, the left side, in each dog included two implants placed with the cutting implant site preparation drills supplied by the implant manufacturer, while the study side, the right side, included two implants placed with the Osseodensification implant site preparation drills (Densah drills).
A 3 months healing period was allowed for osseointegration, and the four dogs were sacrificed 12 weeks postoperatively by giving them an overdose of thiopentone sodium intravenously. Subject animals will be burnt in the faculty of veterinary medicine Cairo University medical Incinerators.
Lower Jaw segments containing the implants and the adjacent bone were retrieved to be sectioned with low speed saw into a thinner sections of bone and implant ( " ~ "30 microns) where some of them being decalcified and stained for histological examination and measurement of BAF % at different magnifications,while the other calcified unstained central section of each specimen were sputter‐coated with a thin layer of gold and further examined using SEM and EDXA at different magnifications, where the SEM was used to assess the BIC Quantitatively and qualitatively, while EDXA was used to measure different bone minerals related to the quality of osseointegration as calcium and phosphorus which were representatives of hydroxyapatite crystals of bone and also measuring carbon and oxygen content representing the organic portion surrounding the implant that when predominates they will lead to defective structural connection between the implant and the bone (fibrointegration).
Statistical analysis of collected data of BAF, BIC % and EDXA bone mineral density was performed.
Based upon statistical results from LM stained histological sections of (BAF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of BIC and EDXA of bone minerals e.g (calcium content of bone around implant, phosphorus content of bone around implant, oxygen content of bone around implant and carbon content of bone around implant), showed no significant difference between the study and control groups.
We concluded that densah densifying drills offers similar amount of bone implant contact and bone density in comparison to conventional drilling technique.
Further studies at earlier phases of healing (short term studies) in experimental animal models are recommended to measure the effect of OD on primary stability histologically.