الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Freshwater is considered the most important element required for human
life. As a result of this importance, the conservation of freshwater is
becoming a critical issue due to the limited amount of water required for
usage. So, searching for alternative water resources is a major concern for a
large portion of researchers. One of these resources is industrial wastewater
which is loaded with various types of pollutants that have a dangerous effect
on the surrounding environment. The cement industry in Egypt is one of the
industries that are considered one of the resources of industrial wastewater
that need proper treatment to reuse in various fields. Wastewater generated
from the cement industry is produced from many industry stages such as raw
materials mixing, kiln cleaning, and equipment cooling. Many wastewater
treatment methods were used to get rid of the pollutants found in cement
wastewater such as activated sludge, membrane biofilm reactor (MBR),
moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), Trickling filter, and integrated fixedfilm activated sludge (IFAS). In this thesis, integrated fixed-film activated sludge was used for the cement
wastewater treatment process by performing an experimental study based on
a laboratory pilot. This laboratory pilot consists of a primary sedimentation
tank, an aeration tank equipped with an air blower to supply the system with
the required oxygen amount, and a final settling tank. All three tanks were
50×30×30 cm. In this experimental study, Luffa sponges and polyurethane
sponges (PU) were used as IFAS media to increase the bacteria population
in the IFAS reactor. All the experimental tests were performed at the
national research center in Cairo. Results showed that using IFAS packed
with Luffa sponges as bio-carriers removed 96.3% TSS, 86% COD, 88% BOD, 75.3% TKN, and 68.5% TP. In the case of using polyurethane
sponges (PU) as IFAS bio-carriers, the removal efficiency of TSS, COD,
BOD, TKN, and TP was 94.2%, 84.4%, 86.2%, 68.4%, and 66.1%,
respectively. A remarkable improvement in treatment efficiency was
observed during using a combination of Luffa and PU sponges as a biocarrier. In this case, the removal efficiency of TSS, COD, BOD, TKN and
TP were 94.5%, 87.8%, 90.8%, 75.9% and 69.4%, respectively. So the final
physical and biological results made treated cement wastewater safe for
disposal according to Law 92 for 2013 and reuse in the cement industry such
as equipment cooling and kiln cleaning.