الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
I
nsulin resistance IR is an independent risk factor for the development of micro and macrovascular diseases in both T2DM and T1DM patients. A group of cardiovascular risk factors known as metabolic syndrome (abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and hypertension) are also associated with increasing atherosclerosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
This was an analytical cross-sectional study, which included eighty (80) patients with type 1 diabetes which have been divided into one of 2 groups according to BMI into either group 1 including 40 patients with normal BMI and group 2 including obese or overweight patients (BMI >23 KG/M2) who were admitted to Pediatrics and Adolescent Diabetes Unit, Pediatrics Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, to assess the frequency of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome among pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes and highlight the factors associated with both.
The mean age of the study group was (11.91 ± 3.99) (year) and 65% of the patients were males, while 35% were females.
In the current study, obese or overweight group showed a highly statistically significant increase in BMI centile, waist, and waist/ hip ratio more than group with normal BMI.
Obese and overweight group had higher systolic blood pressure and higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than normal BMI group with a statistical significance.
There were higher total daily doses of insulin with shorter duration of T1DM disease among obese and overweight group compared to normal BMI group.
In the current study, obese or overweight group showed increased HBA1C, serum TG, and LDL compared with normal BMI group. while, it showed decreased serum HDL compared with normal BMI group with a highly statistical significance.
Obese or overweight group showed low eGDR values (5.49 ± 3.53) compared with normal BMI group (10.51 ± 2.20) with a highly statistical significance. The current study reported that the best cut-off value of serum eGDR for prediction of metabolic syndrome among patients with type 1 DM was < 7.15 mg/kg/min.
In the current study, obese or overweight group showed increased carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) (0.93 ± 0.13) compared with normal BMI group (0.66 ± 0.09) with a highly statistical significance. Also, there was a strong negative correlation between eGDR and Carotid intima media thickness.