الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving treatment to support patients when they are unable to ventilate and oxygenate on their own. However, there are significant risks associated with its use. The weaning outcome affects the morbidity and mortality of patients when their primary disease improves. Therefore, accurate prediction of the weaning outcome is of great importance. Current guide line for weaning recommended the implementation of SBT as a tool to predict weaning outcome. However, 13% to 26% of patients who are extubated following a successful SBT need to be intubated within 48 hours. In the last few years various weaning indices have been suggested to be useful, e.g., minute ventilation, respiratory rate, tidal volume, maximum inspiratory pressure, trans-diaphragmatic pressure and rapid shallow breathing index are a clinical predictor of failure of weaning from mechanical ventilation and they are widely used in clinical research and in practice. However, the prediction rate of these parameters may not be satisfactory.
Ultrasound of multiple organ systems is becoming more common place in the ICU setting because of its portability, speed, safety and the encourage results obtained for managing multiple entities. As ultrasound provides both morphologic and functional information in real time, it has been used to identify cardiac, respiratory or diaphragmatic risk factors of weaning failure. Further, ultrasound may be helpful in providing a visual assessment of cardiorespiratory state at different phases of weaning.
The main aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of heart, lung and diaphragmatic ultrasound in the process of weaning and extubation in mechanically ventilated patients for more than 48 hours. This is a prospective observational single group study which was conducted on Menoufia University hospitals between (May 2019 and May 2020). The study included 62 mechanically ventilated patients over 48 hours fulfilling weaning criteria.