الفهرس 
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Abstract
Labor pain is a complex phenomenon, and it is known that women’s experiences of this pain vary enormously. Labor pain may provoke tension and anxiety. Although pain relief in labor is an important issue in obstetric & midwifery care; yet, there is no standard and accepted technique for its relief without side effects. Generally, there are two options for pain relief during labor (Santana et al., 2016).
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Several simple non-pharmacological approaches for the relief of labor pain are now available & many of them can be initiated by nurses, midwives, obstetricians, and even by the woman. Ice application as one of these approaches may improve labor progress, reduce the use of riskier medications, increase parturient coping and satisfaction as well as decrease costs (Nanji & Carvalho 2020).
Aim of the Study
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ice compression on hand and sacrum region in parturient women for reducing labor pain.
Research hypothesis
Parturient women who receive ice cold compression applied to their hand and sacrum regions will experience less mean pain score than control group who are not receive ice cold compression in any area of them.
Research design:
Quasi Experimental design was used to conduct this study.
Research Setting
The study was conducted at labor and delivery unit at the El Glaa Maternity Hospital.
Sample type and size:
One hundred and fifty (150) parturient women were included in the study.
Tools for data collection (A ppendix I):
There were three types of tools for data collection used for achieving the aim of this study: Self-Structured Interviewing Questionnaire Sheet, Labor Progress Record (partograph WHO 2000) and Modified version of visual analogue scale.
pilot study
was carried out with 10% (15women) of the total study sample at the previously mentioned settings to test the study tools for its clarity, validity and time required to fill the tools. Women included in the pilot study were excluded from the study subjects.
Results of the study:
The main findings of the study can be summarized as follows:
1. There was a highly statical significant difference in total mean pain score at active phase of first stage of labor between study groups and control group as pain score was (8.87±0.77, 8.94 ±0.51 & 9.27 ±0.20) respectively.
2. There was a highly statistical significance between ice compression groups and control group regarding mean score of cervical dilatation as it was (6.45±.56 & 6.30±.34) for ice compression on hand and ice compression on sacrum respectively comparing to control group (6.04±.38).
3. There was slight increasing of frequency of contraction in the ice compression groups more than control group with mean of (3.87±0.33, 3.72±0.36 & 3.67±0.22) as uterine frequency for ice compression on hand, sacrum and control groups respectively.
4. There was highly statistical significant between ice compression groups and control group regarding mean score of interval of uterine contractions (P<0.001), as it was (3.40 ±.77, 3.78±83) for ice compression on hand and ice compression on sacrum respectively comparing to control group (3.90±75).
5. Regarding mother satisfaction about cold compression groups the study revealed that ice compressions on hand group and ice compressions on sacrum group, there were (76% & 54%) respectively.
6. Conclusion
Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that:
• Ice compression slight decreased labor pain, but hand group had more persistent effects on pain reduction than ice compression on sacrum group.
• Improvement in labor progression through frequency, duration of uterine contraction and cervical dilatation progress in the ice compression on hand group followed by ice compression on sacrum group,
IN
Recommendations
the light of the results of the present study, the following recommendations are suggested:
Conduct education programme, workshops for nurses about the application of cold compression during labour and its effect on women and fetus out comes.
1- Conduct education programme for the pregnant women during antenatal period about effect of cold compression to reduce labour pain.
Further researches
Further investigations are necessary to replicate the beneficial findings of ice hand compression in a large sample to generalize the findings.