الفهرس 
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Abstract
Left atrium (LA) has a pivotal role in the sequence of events that modulate left ventricle (LV), it acts as a reservoir during systole, as a conduit during early diastole and diastasis, and as an active pump during late diastole.
This study was conducted to assess the LA volumes and phasic function by 3D transthoracic echocardiography in patients with RA.
This study was carried out on 60 patients with Rheumatoid arthritis attending the rheumatology and rehabilitation out-patient clinic at Minia university hospital during the period from september 2019 to september 2020.
Patients were classified into active RA group (group A) and remittent RA (group B) according to DAS 28 - CRP score in addition to 30 healthy controls.
Patients in this study were subjected to conventional 2D and 3D transthoracic echocardiography according to the recommendations American Society of Echocardiography 2015 by a single experienced cardiologist who was blinded to clinical data of the study population using the IE33 ultrasound system.
We found that:
• RT3DE analysis of both RA groups (group A and B) shows significantly higher LAVmax, LAVmin, and LAVpreA indices than the controls(p<0.01).
• The active RA group (group A) shows significantly higher LAVmax, LAVmin, and LAVpreA indices than the remittent RA group(group B) (p<0.01).
• All LA volumes measured by RT3DE were significantly higher than the 2D measurements (p<0.01).