الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This investigation was carried out to evaluate the ability of mentha, onion and moringa plant extract in synthesis Fe2O3 NPs as an eco-friendly methode. Formed iron oxide NPs were characterized depending on XRD and TEM analysis, FT-IR and optical properties. Applaing different concentrations of iron oxide NPs as foliar on wheat plant were evaluated in the light of morphological and physiological studies carried out on growth of plant and harvested grains.
The main experimental results can be summarized in the following:
1- Results showed a variation among iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized using mentha, onion and moringa plants extract. XRD showed peaks related to iron oxide with average sizes 10, 16 and 31 nm respectively, TEM images revealed that Fe2O3 mentha high dispersed spherical while Fe2O3 onion and Fe2O3 moringa exhibited irregular hexagonal morphology. FT-IR detected the presence of Fe-o and hydroxyl function group. The UV-Vis diffuse spectra of Fe2O3 NPs are measured in the wavelength range of 200 to 750 nm.
2- Wheat plant treated with 20, 40 and 60 ppm Fe2O3 mentha, Fe2O3 onion and Fe2O3 moringa enhanced (shoot and root lengths, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, number of spikes in plant, spike length, number of grains/spikes and weight of 1000 grains) comparing with the untreated plants. On the other hand, 80 ppm Fe2O3 mentha, Fe2O3 onion and Fe2O3 moringa induced reduction in the same studied criterias.
3- Foliar application of 20, 40 and 60 ppm Fe2O3 mentha, Fe2O3 onion and Fe2O3 moringa induced significant increment in photosynthetic pigments content (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids), the greatest values were recorded for 40 ppm concentration. While high concentration of NPs (80 ppm) in all NPs stnthesized in our study induced significant decrease in plant pigment contents.
4- Data revealed that reducing, non-reducing sugars and total carbohydrates contents increased in response to sprying wheat plant with iron oxide NPs at low concentratios, the greatest values were determined in plants received 40 ppm NPs. On the other hand, wheat plant received high NPs concentration (80 ppm) in all NPs stnthesized in our study showed significant decline in the same contents.
5- Lipid peroxidation and H2O2 contents showed a decrease in plants treated with 20, 40, 60 ppm Fe2O3 mentha, Fe2O3 onion and Fe2O3 moringa recpectively. The lowest values were showed in response to 40 ppm concentration. On the other hand, wheat plant treated with 80 ppm in all NPs stnthesized in our study showed significant increment in plants oxidative stress.
6- Plant phytohormones were determined in wheat plant treated with 20, 40, and 60 ppm NPs, the data revealed that ABA decreased in treated plants while C.K and GA3 increased. On the other hand, high NPs concentrations in all NPs stnthesized showed an increment in ABA and decrease in C.K and GA3.
7- Harvested grains mineral composition showed an enhancement in NPK and Fe elements in grains of plants treated with 20, 40 and 60 ppm while the greatest values were showed in response to 40 ppm. 80 ppm iron oxide NPs showed reduction in NPK with Fe accumulation.